摘要:

Abstract.In this study, 194 imminent premature deliveries were treated. The pregnancies were in the 28th to 36th week. Uterine contractions were demonstrable in all patients and amniotic membranes were intact. All patients were treated with bedrest. Two betasympathomimetics were used in a double‐blind study: Nylidrin hydrochloride (43 cases) and Isoxuprine hydrochloride (60 cases). A placebo was given to 41 patients, and ethyl alcohol to 50 patients. Intravenous and intramuscular treatment given in the hospital was continued with oral administration' at home, and follow‐up examinations were repeated at short intervals. Taking a minimum birth weight of 2 500 g as the criteria of successful treatment, the success rate in the placebo group was 71%, in the Nylidrin hydrochloride group 86%, the Isoxuprine hydrochloride group 75% and the alcohol group 70%. When premature delivery was postponed 7 days, the pregnancy advanced, to the 37th week or later in 73, 77, 62 and 56% in their respective groups. The betasympathomimetics, especially the Nylidrin hydrochloride, were in every respect more efficient than placebo or alcohol. The therapeutic effect of alcohol was no better than that obtained with placebo. From the fetal point of view, the drugs used in the present study showed no adverse effe

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156739

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Amniotic fluid lecithin and sphingomyelin were determined quantitatively in 33 samples obtained throughout the last trimester. Each sample was divided into three parts and each part was centrifuged at different relative forces prior to extraction. It is shown that centrifugation always removes considerable amounts of both lecithin and sphingomyelin from the supernatant towards the end of pregnancy, but very little at the beginning of the last trimester. The fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid lecithin, studied by gas liquid chromatography, indicate that surface active lecithin is lost by centrifugation of the fluid prior to extraction.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156740

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Forty‐one pregnant women with pruritus, in whom cholestasis was verified by the presence in their serum of an abnormal lipoprotein, lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X), were divided into two clinical groups, pruritus gravidarum (PG) (n=20) and hepatosis of pregnancy (HP) (n=21) in relation to serum bilirubin (below and above 1.2 mg/100 ml, respectively) and/or SGOT, SGPT (below and above 50 units/1, respectively). In HP, but not in PG, serum lipids, i.e. cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, pre‐β‐lipoproteins (very‐low‐density lipoproteins), and low‐density lipoproteins were increased and high‐density lipoproteins decreased when compared with suitable controls. Serum lipids were elevated in proportion to the derangement in the liver function tests, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, and SGPT. The occurrence of LP‐X was inversely related to HDL cholesterol, suggesting a causal relationship between HDL lipid metabolism and the presence of LP‐X. Serum TIBC, Simplastin A, and serum iron were elevated in HP in relation to the degree of deterioration of liver function tests. Some of these changes in serum in cholestatic pregnancy may partially (serum triglycerides and pre‐β‐lipoproteins) or completely (TIBC and Simplastin A) be explained by an enhanced estrogen influence in promoting increased liv

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156741

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The incidence of somatic complications in connection with legal termination of pregnancy by vacuum aspiration was analysed in 1 123 hospital patients. Special attention was paid to complication rates in relation to gestational age. It was found that the incidence of major uterine haemorrhage increased with gestational period, being unexpectedly high in the 12th week. When anaesthesia was supplemented with halothane there was a significantly higher incidence of uterine haemorrhage than when this anaesthetic was avoided. The results indicate that strict principles for the operation procedure are mandatory to reduce blood loss and other complications. It is suggested that the end of the 12th week should not be considered as a “magic” time limit for vacuum aspiration but that the policy should aim at early intervention, preferably before the end of the 10th week. In the event of late first trimester abortions or “border line” cases it is of advantage to administer prostaglandin extra‐amniotically for pre‐operative dilatation of

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156742

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products, FDP, in menstrual blood during the first three days of menstrual blood during the first three days of menstruation have been investigated. Two groups of women were studied, those with normal menstrual blood loss (15 women, mean loss 30 ml, range 8‐430 ml) and those with menorrhagia (14 women, mean loss 222 ml, range 107–729 ml). The following results were obtained: 1) The FDP concentrations decreased during menstruation in both groups. 2) The FDP concentrations in the two groups were compared for each day of the menstrual period. No differences were found between the two groups. A possible explanation of the results is given: there is a higher rate of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the endometrium of women with menorrhagia compared with women with normal blood losses. The hypothesis is supported by results of studies in which tranexamic acid, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis, was given to reduce the menstrual blood loss. 3) The FDP excretion patterns differed from woman to woman. There were no consistent differences between the menorrhagic and the control

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156743

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The acid‐base and electrolyte balance of 30 women was studied at delivery and in their infants during the first 48 h. 18 women were diabetics, 10 of these were delivered vaginally (DMvag) and 8 by elective caesarean section (DMcs). 12 healthy women were vaginally delivered (HMvag). The infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) received active infusion therapy.At birththe DMvagand their infants (IDMvag) had a more pronounced metabolic acidosis than the DMcsand their babies (IDMcs). The largest metabolic acidosis occurred, however, in the group of HMvagand their infants (IHMvag).After birthno significant differences were obtained in the acid‐base and electrolyte balance between IDMvagand IDMcs.The plasma potassium level remained lower in IDM than in IHM. The study stresses the importance of adequate management of diabetes in pregnancy in combination with active intravenous therapy during delivery and to the infant in the immediate neonatal period. The slightly larger metabolic acidosis seen in combination with vaginal delivery suggests that this mode of delivery should not be attempted uncritically in diabetic wo

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156744

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Prostaglandin F2α was used to induce abortion or labour in 84 women between the 11th and 44th weeks of pregnancy. Three different routes of administration were used, intravenous, extra‐amniotic, and intra‐amniotic. The extra‐amniotic infusion of prostaglandin F2α produced a faster response than the other two routes. Less than one‐third of the dose used in the intra‐amniotic group was required in the extra‐amniotic group for a complete evacuation of the uterus. Vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in 40% of the women in the intra‐and extra‐amniotic group, while the frequency was 88% in the intravenous group. Serum levels of progesterone and oestradiol decreased in accordance with the pattern found during spontaneous deliveries. The effect of prostaglandin F2α on the myometrium does not appear to be mediated via changes in the blood levels of progeste

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156745

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Analysis of 340 term breech presentations in primigravidas showed a corrected perinatal mortality of 1.5%; the elective cesarean section rate was 15%. The incidence of complicated labour, defined in the study, was analyzed with regard to different parameters, e.g. X‐ray pelvimetry data in all 340 cases. Complicated labour in vaginal deliveries markedly increased with increasing fetal weight (p>0.001) and decreasing pelvic capacity (p>0.001). In each case the fetal weight and smallest pelvimetry data were given score points and the sum of these was called the Feto Pelvic Breech Index, which was correlated to the incidence of complicated labour. By using this index the mortality and morbidity probably can be markedly reduced without the routine use of elective cesarean section. The prognostic methods available to detect feto‐pelvic disproportion are discus

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156746

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A survey has been presented of the author's personal methods to treat urge incontinence in women caused by neurogenic disturbances or by urethritis. Denervation of the bladder by unilateral or bilateral resection of the inferior hypogastric plexus is used for neurogenic disturbances with uninhibited bladder contractions or hypertonic bladders and in cases of interstitial cystitis, if a preoperative blockade with local anaesthesia has given a favourable result. Urethral diverticula are extirpated. Urethritis is treated with careful dilatation of the urethra and massage in combination with local treatment of the mucosa with 1% solution of silver nitrate. In cases with a narrow urethral orifice a meatotomy is made. Women with wide external urethral orifice and recurrent urethritis following intercourse are operated upon. A structure similar to the frenulum of the prepuce in the male is constructed, which closes the orifice at the introduction of the penis.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156747

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In 24 patients, who underwent therapeutic abortion for various reasons between the 17th and 26th week of pregnancy, urinary excretion of serotonin, 5‐HIAA, total estrogens, and pregnanediol were measured before, during and after the intra‐amniotic injection of hypertonic saline. 20% hypertonic saline solution (160–500 ml) was given by transabdominal injection over a period of 5 min. The four hormones or metabolites were measured during six periods: I: 12‐ 24 hrs, and II: 0‐12 hrs before saline administration, III: 0‐12 hrs after saline administration, IV: 0‐12 hrs during abortion, V: 0‐12 hrs and VI: 12‐24 hrs after abortion. The results point to the active participation of serotonin in the process of fetal expulsion, as serotonin was increased by over 100% (from 20‐22 to 43‐47 μg/12 hrs) during periods III‐IV, and its metabolite 5‐HIAA, too, increased by nearly 60% (from 2.4‐2.5 to 3.3‐3.9 mg/12 hrs). They decreased during the post‐abortive periods V‐VI. On the other hand, total estrogens decreased only slowly, but continuously, during all 6 periods (4.9, 4.3, 3.4, 3.1, 1.8 and 1.4 mg/12 hrs). Pregnanediol, beginning with 12 mg/12 hrs showed a slight increase during periods III‐IV (14.5 and 15.6 mg/12 hrs) and a decrease during periods V‐VI (8.0 and 5.8 mg/12 hrs). These findings are interpreted as indicating the disruption of feto‐placental function affecting estrogens during periods III‐VI. They might demonstrate an accelerated hydrogenation of progesterone into pregnanediol during periods III‐IV, followed by a sharp decrease in progesterone

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016347509156748

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY