ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155335

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The availability of selective β‐receptor agonists such as terbutaline is a stimulus to research dealing with various β‐receptor functions. The aim of such work is to demonstrate the physiological importance of the hormonal or nervous activation of receptors and to establish a scientific basis for therapeutic trials with β‐receptor active drugs. A brief account is given of the therapeutic possibilities as related to certain β‐receptor functions in the biliary tract, the urinary tract, the lung and the uterus. It is concluded that many β‐receptor functions can be described as therapeutically interesting. The practical importance of β‐agonist therapy is at present confined to relatively few organs, in particular the lu

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155336

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The myometrium of mammals consists of smooth muscle, having differing origin, structure and function. Isolated strips from human uterus show different patterns of contraction and different reactions to drugs if the strips are taken from different regions of the uterus. In the rat the myometrium is clearly separated in two layers—one outer longitudinal and one inner circular muscle. These two muscles show differing patterns of contraction. In the longitudinal layer there is a gradual increase in frequency and coordination of contraction towards the end af the gestation. The circular muscle contracts with high frequency and low amplitude until 3–4 days before delivery, when the contractions become more regular, less frequent and greater in amplitude. On day 21, immediately before parturition, spontaneous activity diminishes appreciably, but when delivery begins, strong, regular contractions are again evident. The electrical activity too differs in longitudinal vis‐à‐vis circular muscle; in the latter there are, as pregnancy proceeds, characteristic changes in the action potentials. The changes in spontaneous contractions are not explained by changes in the overall ability of the muscle to contract, or of the calcium sensitivity of the muscles, but may be due to variations in the resting membrance potential. D‐600, an agent known to reduce calcium influx, was found to reduce the contraction of circular muscle more than that of longitudinal muscle, whereas isoprenaline had a stronger inhibitory effect on the longitudinal than on the circu

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155337

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Several drugs have been used clinically to inhibit uterine activity in preterm labor, e.g. prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, β‐receptor agonists, ethanol, calcium antagonists, magnesium sulfate and progesterone. A short review is given of the excitation‐contraction‐relaxation processes in uterine smooth muscle, and the effects and possible modes of action of these drugs are briefly dis

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155338

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The immediate effect of a β2‐adrenoceptor stimulating drug, salbutamol, on utero‐placental blood flow in the last trimester of pregnancy was evaluated in 16 women without uterine contractions, using a method applying 113‐m Indium and a computer‐linked gamma camera. Serial scintigrams over the placental site showed a 15 per cent increase in activity during a short salbutamol infusion, denoting an augmented blood pool in the intervillous space. At the end of a 25–30 min salbutamol infusion, a mean prolongation of the rise time of the isotope accumulation curve by 100 per cent could be calculated. A utero‐placental blood flow index derived from the ratio of the maximum activity and the rise time of the accumulation curve above the placenta showed a decrease ranging from 18 to 50 per cent. It is conceivable that this initial decrease would disappear during continued infusion, as has been shown to occur in the pregnant

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155339

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Modern β‐receptor agonists are potent inhibitors of uterine activity, both spontaneous and induced, and there are several indications for therapy, such as preterm labor, abnormal uterine activity during labor (with or without concomitant fetal distress), complicated cesarean sections, and others.In recent years the widespread use of β‐receptor agonists for preterm labor has been criticized and the efficacy of these drugs has been questioned, since the rate of preterm deliveries (before week 37) has remained unchanged. However, an analysis of preterm births in Sweden from 1973 to 1979 shows that the number of both preterm births before week 32 and of infants with birthweight below 1 500 g is declining, which is more interesting in terms of fetal outcome than is the crude preterm figure (before week 37). The introduction of routine use of β‐receptor agonists for preterm labor coincides with this decrease.It is concluded that these drugs can be of great value in many obstetrical si

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155340

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155341

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155342

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The intention of this study was to evaluate whether perorally administrated terbutaline given prophylactically could reduce prematurity in twin pregnancy. In a double‐blind study, 50 women with twin pregnancies were given either placebo (25) or terbutaline (25). Six in the terbutaline group and 15 in the placebo group went into preterm labor which required intravenous infusion of terbutaline. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.010). The total number of days in hospital due to preterm labor was 115 in the terbutaline group and 256 in the placebo group. There is a slight difference in prematurity (delivery week<37th week)—the placebo group gave birth somewhat earlier—but this difference is not statistically significant. When evaluating this, it has to be considered that 15 of the 25 in the placebo group received parenteral treatment with terbutaline because of preterm labor. Birth weights of the twins in relation to gestational age seemed to be the same in the two g

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155343

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The present study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic “side‐effects” of the β2‐adrenoceptor stimulating drug salbutamol in the third trimester of pregnancy in diabetic and non‐diabetic women.Salbutamol was administered either orally or as an intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected for analyses of plasma cyclic AMP, insulin, C‐peptide, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolites. Fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, and blood pressure were registered simultaneously.After both intravenous and oral salbutamol, there was a statistically significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure, increase in maternal heart rate, plasma levels of cyclic AMP, insulin, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolites showing stimulation of glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and insulin secretion. The increase in fetal heart rate was slight. In diabetic women, the glycogenolytic and lipolytic effects of salbutamol were significantly more pronounced than in non‐diabetics.The acute maternal circulatory and metabolic effects after salbutamol are probably too slight to have any clinical significance in healthy women. However, in diabetics, due to their impaired insulin function, a serious metabolic deterioration after salbutam

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348209155344

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY