ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004287

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our purpose was to investigate whether obstetric analgesia, particularly by nitrous oxide, constitutes a risk that the infant might develop amphetamine addiction in later life. Of 200 current amphetamine addicts born between 1945 and 1966 in Stockholm, proportionately more were born at hospitals where pain medication had been administered in large doses (p>0.05). A blind matched comparison was made between 73 addicts and 109 non–addicted siblings by logistic regression, in which nitrous oxide administration was tested in competition with 12 other natal variables as possible confounders. The risk for amphetamine drug addiction in offspring was found to increase with duration of intermittent administration of pure nitrous oxide, i.e. it was estimated to be 5.6 times greater (95% confidence intervals 1.6—‐16.9, p = 0.005) when nitrous oxide had been given for ≥/4.5 h vis‐á‐vis ≥/0.25 h. Calculated risks are probably underestimates. Results can be explained as an effect of imprinting. It is concluded that local or regional anesthesia are preferable to general anesthesia which allows substantial amounts of drugs to cros

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004288

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fetal intra‐uterine growth charts are generally based on last menstrual period (LMP) data. Such charts may not really be applicable to infants whose gestational age is ultrasonically determined in early pregnancy. 1369 consecutive singleton pregnancies were studied. All fetuses had their gestational age estimated both by ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown–rump length and from registered last menstrual period data. All infants were weighed at birth as a part of the routine care. The age determination according to the two methods differed in 664 out of 1369 cases and in 516 of these 664 cases the age according to LMP was higher than according to CRL – a highly significant difference (p<0.001). Mean values for birth weight were found to be larger when correlated to age in terms of CRL determinations than when related to age as calculated from LMP data. Birth weight also showed a significant increase between 40 and 42 weeks when age was determined ultrasonically. This was not the case when age determination was based on LMP data. The explanation of this fact is that age is overestimated in late pregnancy when calculated from LMP data. These facts ought to be considered when future fetal growth charts are constr

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004289

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective study of cervical neoplasia, the relative risk estimate (with 95% confidence limits) of a first pregnancy before 22 years of age was 2.6 (1.41;5.12), with regard to the herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection 6 (2.05;23.81) and with regard to the cytomegalovirus ICMV) infection 2 (1.07;3.85). There was no relation between gravidity and cervical neoplasia. After eliminating the confounding effect of the HSV and the CMV infection, the relative risk for cervical neoplasia of a first pregnancy before 22 years of age was estimated to be 2.17 (1.24; 3.80). There was no evidence of a tumor‐promoting role of low age at first pregnancy in the possible neoplastic outcome of the HSV and CMV infections. The association between low age at first pregnancy and cervical neoplasia presumably results from the association between a low age at first pregnancy and the occurrence of a causal infectious agent other than HSV and CM

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004290

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood residue levels of some organochlorine pesticides (DDT and its analogues, lindane, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide) and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in maternal and cord blood in 20 cases of premature rupture of fetal membranes at term and in 15 matched controls. No evidence of a possible organochlorine compounds role in the pathogenesis of premature rupture of the membrane was found.

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004291

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relaxing effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine methionine (PHM) on human intracervical arteries were studied. Cervical tissue specimens were excised after hysterectomy at various phases of the menstrual cycle (n = 12) and small intracervical arteries were dissected free by microtechnique. Ring preparations of the vessels were prepared and mounted in organ baths, and isometric circular tension was recorded. None of the compounds showed any effects in unstimulated cervical arterial preparations. In vessels precontracted by noradrenalin 10−5M, VIP lo−8−10−6M and PHM 10−8−10−6M induced similar, concentration‐dependent relaxation with a maximum effect of 73.2±12.7% relaxation for VIP 10−6M and 79.6±11.8% for PHM 10−6M, as compared to 10.7±3.1% decrease in tension for control preparations treated with solvent (mean ± SE, n = 6). Simultaneous addition of VIP 5 × 10−7M and PHM 5−10−7M produced additive effects. Pretreatment with indometacin 10−6M, atropine 10−6M or propranolol 10−6M did not significantly influence these responses. Both peptides might be involved in regulati

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004292

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty‐nine patients (48 primigravidae and 21 multigravidae) with 12 hours of spontaneous premature rupture of membranes (PROM) after 36 weeks gestation were randomly allocated to receive either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) oral tablets or intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labor.The two treatments were compared regarding stimulation‐delivery interval (SDI), analgesic requirements, maternal and fetal side effects, and patient acceptability.The mean SDI was shorter in the oxytocin group, but without statistical significance. Analgesic requirements and fetal side effects were similar in the two groups, but there was a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting in those patients receiving the maximum dose (1 mg hourly) of PGE2.On subjective assessment, clinicians considered oxytocin to be more effective (p<0.05), while midwives felt both regimes to be equally helpful. PGE2 oral tablets were significantly (p<0.05) more acceptable to the patients, who preferred the convenience of oral dosing, the absence of an i.v. line and the increased mobility.It is concluded that PGE2 tablets are a safe and effective method of stimulating labor following PROM, and highly acceptable to parturients. In those women in whom labor has not been established within 8 h of initiating PGE2 therapy, or in whom gastric side effects are troublesome, intravenous oxytocin should be substitu

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004293

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of flurbiprofen (100 mg) and naproxen sodium (500 mg) on intrauterine pressure and menstrual pain were assessed in 8 women with primary dysmenorrhea using a double‐blind parallel study technique. Intrauterine pressure was recorded with a microtransducer catheter for 4 h and resting pressure, active pressure, frequency of pressure cycles, and the area under the curve were analysed in 30 min periods. Prior to medication all the patients displayed signs of uterine hyperactivity as judged by a high resting pressure 55.3±3.8 mm Hg, high active pressure 175.0±6.1 mm Hg and a high frequency of pressure cycles 12.3±0.7 contractions per 0.5 h. Oral administration of flurbiprofen and naproxen sodium significantly suppressed uterine activity and was associated with a significant reduction in pain intensity. However no significant differences were recorded between the two drugs regarding their effects on intrauterine pressure and pain inten

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004294

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peripheral venous plasma concentrations of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) were studied longitudinally in 12 women at the 12th, 24th, and 36th week of pregnancy as well as 3–5 days and 3 months post partum. Serial measurements of maternal hemodynamics were performed simultaneously with blood sampling for irANP determination. With advancing pregnancy there were significant increases (p<0.001) in cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate, while total peripheral vascular resistance decreased (p<0.001). All these changes were normalized 3 months post partum. Plasma irANP increased (p<0.05) from 23.2±1.3 pM/1 at week 12 to 25.9±1.5 pM/1 at week 36 of pregnancy, and fell significantly (p<0.01) to 20.5±1.1 pM/1 3 months post partum. Changes in plasma irANP appear to be related to changes in maternal central hemodynamics. The changes in ANP release probably represent one of several mechanisms that maintain circulatory and volume homeostasis during normal pregn

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004295

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical symptoms, bacterial content in breast milk and treatment were recorded in 43 women in Oslo with puerperal mastitis. Patients with a favorable (n = 35) and unfavorable outcome (n = 8) (defined as abscess formation and/or symptom relief after more than 7 days) were compared. The group with unfavorable outcome was characterized by increased delay between symptoms and time for consultation, higher score of clinical symptoms and higher frequency of Staphylococcus aureus. A higher frequency of S. aureus was found in the affected breasts than in the unaffected breasts. There was no difference concerning the frequency of coagulase‐negative staphylococci and overall bacterial counts, either between milk from affected and non‐affected breasts, or between milk from non‐affected breasts and milk from healthy donors. The present investigation indicates that penicillin treatment is questionable when considering that untreated cases healed almost as quickly as treated ones, and that 70% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to phenoxymethylpenicillin. It is concluded that present bacterial examinations in breast milk are of limited help in deciding who needs antibiotic trea

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016349809004296

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY