摘要:

Abstract.The purpose of this study was to analyse the acute effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the fetal heart beat intervals and their variability during the last trimester of a normal gestation. The fetal heart beat intervals were monitored continuously by abdominal electrocardiography for 60 min before and 60 min after smoking in 10 pregnant women. The mean intervals, their long‐term variability (SD) and short‐term variability (standard deviation of interval differences (SDID)), calculated for 30‐sec periods, showed a steady state before smoking. During the control period, the mean beat interval was negatively correlated with daily cigarette consumption and the short‐term variability was positively correlated with the maternal plasma nicotine level. After smoking, the mean beat interval and the short‐term variability decreased transiently, the values of both these parameters being positively correlated with the maternal nicotine values before smoking. The acute response of fetal heart beat intervals and their variability to one cigarette is distinct but transient, and the results suggest that the effects are modified by the chronic smoking habits of

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156689

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Thirty healthy pregnant women were studied to assess the immediate cardiovascular responses of the fetus to the smoking of one cigarette. The fetal blood flow was measured in the aorta and in the umbilical vein by combining real‐time ultrasonography and the pulsed Doppler technique. Following maternal smoking, a significant increase was found in the maternal heart rate and also in the blood pressure. In the fetus, a significant transient increase in the aortic and the umbilical blood flow was measured, as characterized by the increase in the fetal heart rate, the mean and maximum blood velocity, and the vessel diameter. Thus, maternal smoking induced acute circulatory changes in the fetus similar to those found in adults. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the feasibility of the method to evaluate non‐invasively the immediate effect of a given stress stimulus on the cardiovascular system of the human fe

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156690

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The concentration of red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglyce‐rate (2,3‐DPG), hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity and other oxygen transport variables were determined during first, second and third trimester of normal pregnancy as well as 3 months post partum in 18 healthy women. The median concentration of red cell 2,3‐DPG increased significantly from the first to the third trimester (16.1 to 17.0 μmol/gHb, p>0.01), whereas 2,3‐DPG decreased significantly post partum (p>0.01). Normal pregnancy was also associated with relative anemia, a significant increase in arterial pH, hypocapnia and hypophosphatemia. The difference in hemoglobin concentration from the first trimester to 3 months post partum was correlated inversely with the difference in red cell 2,3‐DPG content (r= 0.52, p>0.05). In spite of the variations in red cell 2,3‐DPG, hemoglobin‐oxygen affinity expressed as p50at actual pH remained unchanged during pregnancy and post partum. The study suggests that the increased level of 2,3‐DPG during pregnancy may in part represent compensation for physiologic anemia and also compensate for a factor leading to increased hemoglobin‐oxygen aff

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156691

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Factors involved in blood oxygen transport were measured serially in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy in 23 insulin‐dependent diabetic women. Twenty‐six non‐pregnant diabetic patients served as a reference group. Diabetic pregnancy was associated with relative anemia, a significant increase in arterial pH, and hypocap‐nia. The concentration of red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate was significantly higher in the first trimester of diabetic pregnancy compared with non‐pregnant diabetics (median value 16.4 vs. 15.0 μmol/g hemoglobin, p>0.02) and increased gradually from the first to the third trimester (16.4 to 17.2 μmol/g hemoglobin, p<0.01). The hemoglobin A1cconcentration decreased simultaneously from 8.1% to 7.3% (p0.01). In spite of the increase in red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate content and the decrease in hemoglobin A1c, factors known to reduce hemoglobin oxygen affinity, the position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve remained unchanged during diabetic pregnancy: P50at actual pH in the first trimester, was 26.0 mmHg; in the second trimester, 26.9 mmHg, and in the third trimester, 26.8 mmHg (NS). These values of P50at actual pH were identical with the value in the non‐pregnant group (26.6 mmHg). Other factors influencing hemoglobin oxygen affinity, such as hemoglobin concentration, hydrogen ion concentration and arterial oxygen saturation remained unchanged during diabetic pregnancy. The observations suggest that an unknown factor which increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity and to which the increased level of red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate may be compensatory, is operating

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156692

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ultrasonography was used to measure the width of the internal os in 96 pregnant women, of whom 43 were considered to have cervical incompetence and were scheduled for cerclage. The remainder of the women were divided into two control groups: (a) 28 women with a normal obstetric history, and (b) 25 women with a history of either previous abortion or traumatic delivery. The mean width of the internal os in the three groups was 25.9 mm±3.7, 15.8 mm±2.7, and 18.2 mm±6.5 respectively; statistically, significant difference were seen between the first group and each of the control groups. All the women in the first control group gave birth successfully at term; of those in the second control group, 5 presented with premature rupture of the membranes. The mean cervical os width in these 5 women was 29 mm, as compared with a mean of 18.2 mm for this group as a whole. We suggest that ultrasonic measurement of the internal os during pregnancy can be a useful and objective new method for the diagnosis of cervical incompeten

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156693

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Factor VIIIR: Ag and Factor VIII: C levels were found to be significantly increased during pregnancy, labor and puerperium, but not to the extent observed by European and American authors. The ratio Factor VIIIR: Ag/Factor VIII:C was elevated only between the third and sixth hour of labor with respect to early labor, and during parturition and early puerperium with respect to late labor. However, this ratio was in the same range as the normal non‐pregnant controls, but in the cases of complicated pregnancy, the ratio reached values much higher than the normal. It was concluded that determination of the ratio appears to be of little value in normal cases but may be of use when there are obsterical complications. Studies are being performed to try to explain the limited rise in Factor VIII: Ag and Factor VIII: C levels observed in our case

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156694

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This prospective, randomized study of 142 women with mild or moderate dysplasia of the uterine ectocervix shows that the double‐freeze technique is significantly more effective than the single‐freeze technique, the recurrence rates being, respectively, 6.2% and 16.3%. The highest recurrence rate was found in the group treated with a single freeze and having the most extensive portio involvement. All patients were examined colposcopically before cryosur‐gery in order to exclude patients with lesions extending into the cervical canal and in order to evaluate the size of the lesion. Recurrent lesions were usually diagnosed within the first year (75%) and in only one patient more than 2 years after treatment. None of the patients developed invasive cancer. The mean follow‐up period was 27 months (24‐42 months). We consider cryosurgery to be an acceptable treatment for selected patients. Our criteria for entry were 1) mild or moderate dysplasia of the uterine ectocervix, and 2) colposcopic visualization of the entire transformation zone to ensure that the lesion does not extend into the cervical canal. Our experience from the present study is that the following criteria should be added: 3) the portio involvement must not be too extensive, and 4) the patient must agree to follow‐up examination. When these conditions are fulfilled, future treatment in our department will consist of a double freeze extending 3 mm beyond the lesion, with a thaw interv

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156695

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The results of 90 pregnancies complicated by an ovarian tumor are analysed. On this basis it seems advisable to follow a ‘wait‐and‐see’ policy until the 16th week. Tumors persisting into the second trimester can best be extirpated between the 16th and 20th week. Ovarian tumors present after the first trimester can lead to serious complications. However, an ovarian tumor discovered in the second half of pregnancy calls for temporization of treatment. Ce‐sarean section at term with simultaneous extirpation of the tumor is the treatment

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156696

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.As human genital mycoplasmas have been associated with various forms of reproductive failure, the present study was undertaken to investigate whetherM. homi‐nisandU. urealyticumorganisms (ureaplasmas) are capable of crossing intact fetal membranes. Nearly 300 women in Denmark and England were investigated. Most of them were seen at about the fourth month of gestation and the remainder towards or at the time of birth, all with unruptured membranes. A swab was taken from the uterine cervix or vagina andM. hominiswas isolated from 9% of the women and ureaplasmas from half of them. The presence of these mycoplasmas was not associated with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy. In contrast to the frequent presence of mycoplasmas in the lower genital tract, amniotic fluids obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis or at cesarean section did not containM. hominisand ureaplasmas were isolated from only one of them. This was associated with the same urea‐plasmal serotype being recovered from the cervix and also from the blood of both infant and mother, whose case differed from the others as labor had already started when the amniotic fluid was obtained. Thus, in our populations, we have no evidence that mycoplasmal invasion of the amniotic fluid occurs before the onset of labor. During labor, despite intact membranes, it seems that genital mycoplasmas may occasionally invade the fetal placental unit, probably by the hematogenous route after strong uterine contractions, or otherwise directly after membrane rupture. Since both these events are followed usually by immediate delivery, there would seem to be insufficient time for the genital mycoplasmas to cause fetal dam

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156697

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Two blood samples, one in the first and one in the third trimester, were collected from 2014 pregnant women. Serological tests for CMV and rubella antibodies were performed in the paired samples. Seroconversion by the CF test for CMV antibodies was demonstrated in 15 women. However, seroconversion also by the IF test was found in only one of these. A rise in titer during pregnancy by the CF test was found in 16 woman. None of these specimens contained specific IgM. High CMV‐CF antibody titer (>128) in the first serum sample was found in 28 women, but none of the sera contained specific IgM. It is concluded that no single serological test can serve at present as a screening test for the diagnosis of CMV infection during pregnancy. In children thought to be at risk contracting congenital CMV infection, no case with CNS malfunction that could be attributed to a congenital CMV infection could be demonstrated at the age of 7‐8 years. One case of seroconversion in the examination for rubella antibodies was found. The infant of this mother showed no clinical signs of rubella infect

ISSN:0001-6349    

DOI:10.3109/00016348409156698

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY