ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Blood transfusions should be used judiciously and minimally. It is prudent to use blood components and derivatives when needed.With one to two unit loss of blood, electrolyte administration may suffice; two to five unit losses require only partial replacement of red cells; over five unit losses, red cells and protein or reconstituted whole blood may be required.Electrolyte solutions or plasma expanders such as dextran are just as effective as albumin and plasma protein fraction. The use of fresh frozen plasma supplies all of the coagulation factors. Platelet transfusions may be life-saving when indicated.The decision as to what to transfuse and when to transfuse should be based on the premise of restoring body function to a viable and healthy state.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In the past, comprehensive pulmonary function studies have required the facilities of a specially-equipped laboratory, which are not available at most medical institutions. The evaluation of pulmonary function by computer-analysis as described in this paper is useful in determining any underlying physiologic problem such as small airway disease, maldistribution of airflow, lung volume abnormalities, large airway disease, etc. These evaluations can be done at any hospital to enable individualized planning of the pre-operative, intra-operative and postoperative management of patients with a high risk of pulmonary complications, such as morbidly obese patients.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of specific aerosol therapy in patients on mechanical respiratory support should be considered in accordance with other systemic effects. This study points up the hemodynamic, respiratory, and ventilatory effects of each of three agents: saline, isoproterenol, and racemic epinephrine.Contrary to the opinion that saline has a placebo effect, aerosol saline therapy decreased oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, oxygen utilization coefficient, and effective dynamic compliance.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Our overall view is that many, if not most patients meet the challenge of acute, severe illness or injury with admirable equanimity and fortitude. The physical setting itself of the critical care unit, forbidding as it appears to the uninitiated and to even some medical and nursing staff elsewhere in the hospital, need not be unduly stressful to the patient if he senses the human concern, interest, and caring attitude of the medical and nursing staff in whose hands his life and welfare has been placed. The humanizing element of person-to-person contact is capable of rapidly desensitizing the patient to any alarm, fear, or bewilderment. An understanding of basic neurobiological and psychological principles in constructing a medical and nursing care program for the critically ill is fundamental to improving the quality of the experience for the patient, and may well contribute significantly to a lowered mortality risk for certain instances of illness or injury.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Carbohydrate, fat, and amino acid metabolism from the parenteral point of view are surveyed and reviewed. Differences between the habits in the United States and Europe is stressed. It is proposed that carbohydrates other than glucose can be used; especially fat emulsions as the source of both energy and essential fatty acids for the body. Variable compositions of amino acids for different conditions as well as for adults and infants are suggested. There is also a trend to include all vitamins and minerals.In order to provide optimal nutritional effects with intravenous alimentation it is important to: 1) supply an adequate amount of amino acids; 2) supply adequate energy; 3) include at least 100 g of carbohydrate; and 4) supply adequate amounts of other nutrients (vitamins, minerals, and essential fatty acids).

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pulmonary lavage (mechanical washing of the lung) is gaining acceptance as a treatment for respiratory insufficiency from alveolar proteinosis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. However, management with this form of therapy can be quite complicated when the patients are critically ill from respiratory insufficiency. As pulmonary lavage represents a physiologic trespass, particular attention must be paid to potentially serious complications; eg, acute hypoxia. Reduction of complications can be achieved by an understanding of the problems involved. Methodology and technical considerations are reviewed and our experience summarized.

ISSN:0090-3493    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID