摘要:

AbstractData on incidence, etiology, therapy and prognosis of infantile spasms are reviewed. Infants with infantile spasms have a lower CSF GABA concentration than other epileptics. In a large proportion of cases the etiological factors of infantile spasms can now be elucidated with some certainty. Especially, the new neuroradiological and virological methods have enabled a more accurate diagnosis. There have been changes in the etiological pattern over the years. The optimal dosage and duration of ACTH or glucocorticoid therapy have not been established. In the Finnish study the large ACTH doses (120–160 IE) generally used in many Nordic European countries did not carry a better prognosis than the smaller doses (20–40 IE). Therapeutic response showed no correlation with the Cortisol secretion rate but the infants who responded well had a high dehydroepiandrosterone‐androstenedione concentration ratio. Side‐effects of ACTH therapy are relatively common and more common with large doses than with smaller ones. The most common side‐effects are infections and arterial hypertension. There were disturbances of calcium and phosphate metabolism during ACTH therapy. Severe nephrocalcinosis was seen in some infants at autopsy. Fluid disturbances were common at termination of ACTH therapy. ACTH therapy causes adrenal hyporesponsiveness. The therapy should be modified to improve the

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA scientific basis to child ecology based on system theory and behavioral science is introduced. Every pediatrician wishes for the health of the body and the mind of children every time and everywhere. It can be said that child ecology is one of the most important approaches to our common goal. It is hoped that this paper may give pediatricians some insight into new interpretations of child ecology and the growth and development of children.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe erythrocyte P, antigen was observed in 91.7, 70.6, 56.7 and 62.5%, respectively, of children with upper urinary tract infection, symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections and cases responsive to initial therapy in which the abnormal urinary findings disappeared with the administration of antibiotics given despite the absence of bacteriuria. These values were significantly high (P<0.001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.001, respectively) compared with healthy controls (29.0%).In cases where initial antibiotic therapy was effective despite no significant bacteriuria, the presence of Gal cd– 4 Gal receptor in large quantity on the surface of the mucosa of the urinary tract was suggested, just as in the typical case of urinary tract infection with bacteria in the urine.No significant difference was observed in the incidence of P1 antigen in the peripheral blood of sick children according to the clinical symptoms and urinary findings in typical cases of urinary tract infection and cases responsive to initial antibiotic therap

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing computed electro‐nystagmography, quantitative assessment of the cerebello‐vestibular function was performed in 13 patients with congenital hypothyroidism, aged 3 to 20 yrs, during adequate long‐term replacement therapy. Thirty‐two age‐matched children and 127 patients with confirmed cerebellar, brain stem or vestibular disorders served as controls. Routine neurological tests for body equilibrium revealed an abnormal finding in only two patients (15.3%). In contrast, the combination of spontaneous and positional nystagmus, caloric test, visual pendular rotation test, eye‐tracking test and optokinetic nystagmus test revealed abnormalities in 76.9% (10/13). Five patients had impairment of peripheral vestibular pattern, whereas 5 showed vestibulo‐central pattern. The critical factors producing the two different patterns appear to be the initial serum thyroxine level and the time of initiation of the therapy. Severe and long‐standing deficiency of thyroid hormone was associated with vestibulo‐cerebellar impairment, while mild hypothyroidism was associated with vestibular abnormalities. These results confirmed a high incidence of cerebello‐vestibular dysfunction as a neurological sequela of congenital hypothyroidism, even with early replacement therapy. The method affords a tool for objective evaluation of ill‐defined ‘clumsiness’ in

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo assess the growth pattern, relative left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) sizes, function and volumes, 168 echocardiograms and 14 postmortem hearts of normal human fetuses were studied. LV and RV diameters, atrioventricular valve diameters, wall thicknesses and aortic diameter increased linearly with gestational age from 20 to 39 weeks, but percent changes in ventricular diameters and wall thickness were constant and similar between LV and RV in echocardiograms. The ratios of LV and RV diameters, wall thicknesses and mitral and tricuspid valve diameters were constant and were approximately 1.0 throughout the period studied in echocardiograms and postmortem hearts. LV and RV volumes in postmortem hearts were also similar. LV volumes of postmortem hearts were best approximately by an ellipsoid model, and clinical application of this model to echocardiograms showed a linear increase of LV volume with age and constant ejection fraction and LV output per body weight. These results suggest a linear growth pattern and constant systolic function of the fetal heart, and do not support the concept of RV dominance.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1987.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY