摘要:

AbstractThe polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic are essential components of a normal diet and are particularly important in young infants who are growing rapidly. A distinct clinical syndrome of essential fatty acid deficiency is occasionally seen in children with nutritional or absorptive defects. It may be treated orally, intravenously or transcutaneously. The essential fatty acids are precursors of the prostaglandins, which have high biological activity in a variety of tissues. In the small intestine, prostaglandins enhance both secretion and motility. Elevated plasma prostaglandins have been noted in a number of diarrhoea1 conditions, including chronic non‐specific diarrhoea in toddlers and rotavirus enteritis in infancy. There is a close relationship between fatty acids, prostaglandins and zinc metabolis

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuodenal mucosa and feces from 12 children with an acute non‐bacterial gastroenteritis were electron‐microscopically examined. In the study of the duodenal mucosa, many virus particles were seen in the distended cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells from the three patients who were biopsied within 72 hours from the onset of symptoms. Almost all virus particles had a highly electron‐dense core and were surrounded by a moderately dense double shelled capsid zone about 70 nm in diameter. However, particles without the outer shell capsid zone and particles without a core were also present. Matrices of viroplasm were often found close to the endoplasmic reticulum. These matrices were surrounded by many virus particles at various mature stages, and sometimes contained electron‐dense cores about 40 nm in diameter.In the study of the feces, the extracts of feces from all 12 children contained numerous virus particles. The morphological appearance of the virus particles observed in the feces and duodenal mucosa was identical. In this study, the morphological and morphogenetic resemblance of human rotavirus to other animal rotavirus was emp

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSevere protracted diarrhoea of infancy (SPDI) remains a major problem in diagnosis and management. The commonest diagnoses are coeliac disease, disaccharide intolerance, and cow's milk protein intolerance, but a wide variety of other inherited, congenital, infective and immunological disorders should be sought. The pathophysiology of the progression of the diarrhoeal illness, which may be trivial at onset, to a severe life threatening disease is discussed. In approximately 30% of cases a diagnosis cannot be established; in those with a familial basis a defect in cell differentiation and replication may be operative and results in a high (80%) mortality rate. In non‐familial SPDI the mortality rate is low and response to an oligoantigenic diet excellent, suggesting that sensitisation to dietary antigens plays an important role. The devastating effect of protracted diarrhoea on the neonate and young infant is due to the increased nutritional demands of rapid growth occurring at a time when intestinal absorptive processes are as yet poorly develope

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efficency was assessed of the screening for extrahepatic biliary atresia by measuring total bile acids absorbed in dried blood spots at around 5 days of age. When the cut‐off level was 54.0 μmol/l, the sensitivity, the specificty and the efficiency of the screening test were 87.9%, 93.9% and 93.9% respectively. The case‐finding rate was 0.009% in this type of screening which was three times as many as an early case‐finding rate by population screening. These results suggest that teh efficiency of this screening is acce

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMigration inhibitory factor (M1F)‐induced activity of patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) to antigens associated withStreptococcus pyogenesinfection was compared to that of control populations consisting of children with illnesses not related to streptococcal infections (group A), and of patients with streptococcal pharyngitis (group B), with the following results.1. Though a consiaerable number of patients in the acute state of MCLS failed to respond to antigens consisting of (1) a coccus preparation ofS. pyogenes(Picibanil), (2) streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) and (3) an extract from cells of a virally transformed human B‐cell line, a complete restoration of their responsiveness was observed in parallel with the decrease of fever.2. While almost all patients of group A were refractory not only to Picibanil and SPE but also to the extract from the transformed human cells, some children with infections due to intracellular microbes showed responsiveness to the extract from the transformed cells.3. In group B, some patients showed a marked responsiveness and the other a complete refractoriness to these antigens throughout the observation period.These results raise the possibility thatS. pyogenesmay play a principal role in the pathogenesis of M

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPulmonary A‐V fistula was diagnosed and classified morphologically based on the pattern of time‐activity curves by99mTc MAA. If the diameter of the fistula is large, macro‐albumin easily reveals a shunt. If the iistula has the form of an “aneurysm,” the degree of shunt is general

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe etiology of congenital heart disease was studied in 1,076 patients who were diagnosed in our outpatient clinic from September 1, 198 1 to February 29, 1984.In these patients, 9(0.8%) had single gene disorders and 63(5.9%) had chromosomal aberrations, of which 55(87.7%) were Down syndrome. The number of patients who had congenital heart diseases due to environmental insult was 2(0.2%), and those with a malformation syndrome of unknown etiology were 6(0.6%).The etiology of congenital heart diseases in the remaining 996 patients (92.6%) was not clarified. In these cases, the rates of consanguinity of parents, and paternal and maternal grandparents, the ages of the parents when the patients were born, and the number of minor anomalies, were compared with those in normal controls. The complications of major anomalies were also investigated. Further, the recurrence risks in patients' siblings were also calculated.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes in children with acute leukemia were studied in relation to the stages of the disease and severe fungalinfections.Phagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes were defective in the active phase (before therapy, during relapse), and normalized during complete remission. Monocyte candidacidal activity in 11 of the 15 patients with severe infections was also defective.Extracellular factors such as serum from the patient, leukemic blast cells in the active phase and antileukemic drugs (prednisolone, vincristine, methotrexate) did not alter the monocyte functions at the concentrations tested.In seven patients with severe fungal infections, monocyte phagocytosis ofCandidu albicanswas defective in some patients, Candidacidal activity of monocytes was defective in all patients.The present study indicates that phagocytosis and microbicidal activity of monocytes are defective in the active phase of childhood acute leukemia and microbicidal activity is closely associated with the occurrence of severe fungal infections.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1985.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY