ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study to prevent hepatitis B infection in 235 babies born to chronic hepatitis B, HBeAg carriers was carried out. Babies in three treatment groups all received heat‐inactivated hepatitis B vaccine. In addition multiple doses of HBIG and a single dose of HBIG were given in pups I and II respectively. After three years of follow‐up, 4/60 (Group I), 3/64 (Group II), and 1/64 (Group III) developed chronic infection. For those who escaped chronic infection, other hepatitis events also occurred. They were transient HBs‐antigenaemia, anti‐HBc conversion and significant rise in anti‐HBs titre without seroconversion for anti‐HBc. It was deduced that 30% of babies born to hepatitis carriers are naturally protected from chronic infection. Immunization, with vaccine only, protects another 46%. The addition of single and multiple doses of HBIG protects another 10% and 5%, respectively. 2% acquired intrauterine infection and 7% failed to respond to the most intensive immuni

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We present the first report on a 3‐year study for the prevention of HB virus infection under the standard method of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. We observed 50 children for three years, and obtained the following results: 1) Many children (57%) born to HBeAg‐positive mothers maintained HBs‐antibody titers higher than 10, expressed by the cut‐off index based on the RIA system; 2) No case became an HB virus carrier after one year; 3) Six children born to Hkantibody positive mothers had HBs‐antibody titers below 5. Children born to HBe‐antigen positive mothers were mostly affected by the HB virus, so that their HBs‐antibody titers were maintained at high levels. In contrast, HBs‐antibody titers of children born to HBe‐antibody positive mothers decreased, probably because of lack of exposur

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐three infants born to HBeAg positive HBV carrier mothers were protected from neonatal HBV infection with our standard prevention schedule consisting of two doses of HBIC (0, 2 mo) and three doses of HBV vaccine (2, 3, 5 mo). In 62 infants who successfully responded to HBV vaccine with a titer of anti‐HBs greater than 23, anti‐HBs titer was monitored for as long as 48 months (25.6 ±11.0 mo) and found to decrease as follows: 5.1 ± 1.7 at 12 mo., 4.5 ± 1.8 at 18 mo., 4.2 ± 1.8 at 24 mo., 4.0± 1.6 at 30 mo., 3.7 ± 1.7 at 36 mo., 32 ± 2.0 at 48 mo. During the follow‐up period, eight HBV events (11.9%) were demonstrated: one case showed an increase of anti‐HBs, three showed a reappearance of anti‐HBc alone, three showed a reappearance of anti‐HBc with increase of anti‐HBs, and one became a chronic HBV carrier. All infants were further divided into three groups by their maximal response of anti‐HBs to HBV vaccine: Group I (26), Group II (23‐25), and Group III (22). Group I sustained a higher titer from 12 to 30 months of age and had less HBV events than (3‐II and G‐III. Our study suggests that acquisition of a high titer of anti‐HBs is important in long‐term prevention of HBV infection as well as in the neonatal period in infants born to

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hepatitis B immune serum 200 IU was injected intramuscularly to 127 infants born to hepatitis B e antigen positive mothers immediately after birth and at two months of age, and if necessary at four months. HB adjuvant vaccine 20μgwas injected subcutaneously at three, four, and six months. If antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were 22or less, one to four doses of booster vaccine 20μgwere given. The first booster vaccination was given in 8.7% of cases by the age of one year, in 19.3% by 18 months, in 23.9% by 24 months, and in 36.2% by 30 months; thus 2‐to‐3‐year‐old infants were more frequently vaccinated than younger ones. This implies that 80%‐90% of infants could be protected from vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) up to the age of three years, if a booster vaccine was given to those born to HBeAg positive mothers not later than 24 months. Infants obtained enough antibody to prevent HBV infection by receiving one booster vaccination in 34 cases, by two in nine, by three in five, and by

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Japan, a nationwide prevention program against mother‐to‐infant infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) started in 1985. This program consists of double screenings of pregnant women and prophylactic treatment to the infants born to both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers. These infants are treated with two injections of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and at least three injections of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine. We sent questionnaires about the numbers of each procedure or examination during nine months of investigation period to each local government in 1986 and 1987. 93.4% pregnant women had the chance to be examined for HBsAg, and the positive rate was 1.4 to 1.5%. The HBeAg positive rate in HBsAg positive was 23 to 26%. The HBsAg positive rate in neonates and in infants before two months were 3% and 2% respectively. Some problems may arise, because 27 to 30% of infants need the fourth vaccination in some restricted ar

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The teratogenic effects of rabbit anti‐rat‐kidney semm (AKS) combined with E‐64 (a thiol protease inhibitor) were examined. Wistar rats were injected with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E‐64 on days 9 and 10 of gestation, and with a subteratogenic dose (1 ml/kg) of AKS on day 9 or day 10. The most common malformations were hydronephrosis, hydrocephalus, ureteral dilatation, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and heart defects. When AKS was given on day 9 or 10, the incidence of malformations was about 7% (10 mg/kg group) and 24% (20 mg/kg group). This indicated that the types of malformation are similar to those produced by AKS and E‐64, and there is a synergistic effect between AKS

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY