摘要:

AbstractConsiderable evidence has accumulated during the past 30 years regarding the relationship between pregnancy and delivery complications and a variety of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Prior studies have suffered from major methodological problems associated with retrospective designs, notably selection and recall biases. We are conducting a 25‐year prospective investigation of perinatal complications and psychiatric outcomes. The study cohort consists of 176 singleton births diagnosed as either “severe toxemia” or “breech delivery” and 176 matched control subjects, all selected from the Providence Center of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Extensive obstetrical, neurological, behavioral and socio‐demographic information was collected prospectively for these subjects, from the perinatal period through age seven. Subjects were recontacted (ages 18–24) and admin istered a battery of instruments designed to assess: a) psychiatric diagnosis (using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule); b) cognitive and psychosocial functioning; and c) family history of mental disorders. 85% of the sample have been contacted and 60% successfully interviewed at this time. Preliminary analyses will assess the relative risk associated with each pregnancy complication and the DSM‐III psychiatric diagnoses covered by the Diag nostic Interview Schedule. Further analyses will examine possible etiologic mechanisms which have been proposed to account for su

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to cope with profound hypoglycemia in an infant with type I glycogen storage disease receiving nocturnal intragastric infusion, we administered cornstarch formula every four hours at 14 months of age. Following the cornstarch therapy, fasting blood glucose in creased from 39.3±4.0 to 83.5±4.0 mg/dl (p<0.01), σ insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (2.5 g/kg) increased from 76 to 191 µU/ml, 24‐hour urinary C‐peptide excretion increas ed from 31.0±4.7 to 47.4±55.2 µg/g/‐creatinine(p<0.05), plasma somatomedin‐C increased from 0.13 to 0.43 U/ml, and length increased from the 3rd percentile to the range between the 10th and the 25th percentile.The results indicate that cornstarch formula may prevent the precipitous hypoglycemia that occurs during the day in an infant with type I glycogen storage disease on nocturnal in tragastric infusion. Increased insulin and/or somatomedin‐C secretion appears to be responsible for the improvement in linear grow

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProstaglandin E2 (PGE2) was infused continuously through a nasogastric gavage tube in four infants with pulmonary atresia. The drug was given at a rate of 12.5–160 µg/kg/h. The duration of therapy was 7–123 days. The effects and side effects seen by this method were similar to those seen in the conventional multiple dose regimen. This method was an effective and simple way of maintaining the ductus arteriosus open, especially for a long period of

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect on growth rate of daily subcutaneous (sc) administration of growth hormone (GH) was studied in seven GH‐deficient children. All patients had been receiving conventional GH treatment (intramuscularly, twice or thrice weekly) for three to six years. The growth‐promoting effect of conventional treatment gradually decreased in these seven patients [4.0 ± 0.3 (mean ± SD) cm%sol;year during the last preceding year of conventional treatment]. Following transfer to daily sc GH treatment without increase in weekly dosage, all seven patients showed an increase in growth rate (7.5 ±1.1 cm%sol;year, P>0.001). During the period of daily sc GH treatment, the pubertal stage did not advance in six of the seven patients. An increase in Δheight age%sol;Δbone age ratio was observed in six patients. None of the patients developed antibodies against GH. Local reactions were not observed at the injection site. Daily sc GH injections were tolerated without complaint. In conclusion, daily sc GH treatment is recommended for patients whose growth response to conventional GH treatment

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the efficacy of medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) as an energy source in premature infants. Infants who were given 3 g/kg/day of MCT oil gained body weight better than the control group in spite of a smaller water intake. This is advantageous to premature infants who need water restriction due to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), bronchopulmo nary dysplasia (BPD), etc. We also proved that MCT oil is rapidly absorbed and digested, by means of the13C‐trioctanoin breath t

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwodimensional Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed in 61 patients (39 boys and 22 girls) with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The patients were examined at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tokyo, and at the Department of Pediatrics, Ohta General Hospital, in Koriyama city, Fukushima Prefecture.One hundred and eighteen healthy children (59 boys and 59 girls) were also examined at the Waseda housing complex in Misato city, Saitama Prefecture.By short axis view of aorta, samples were collected from both the right ventricular outflow tract below the pulmonary valve and in the main pulmonary artery. On the other hand, the apex four chamber view was used to collect samples at the right and left atrial outflows.Right ventricular systolic time intervals were measured both at the main pulmonary artery (PA) and at the outflow tract below the pulmonary valve (RVO).The right ventricular systolic pre‐ejection period (PAPEP) and acceleration time (PAACT), measured at the supra‐valvular site, were shorter before surgery as compared to after surgery and normals. The ratio of right ventricular pre‐ejection period to ejection time (PAPEP/ET) and the ratio of acceleration time to ejection time (PAACT/ET) were both significantly lower before surgery compared to after surgery and controls.The mean main pulmonary artery peak velocity before surgery was 369 cm/sec and the peak pressure gradient calculated with the modified Bernoulli formula was 55 mmHg.Before surgery, peak velocity of right ventricular rapid filling (R‐wave) was low, while peak velocity of atrial contraction (A‐wave) was high. After surgery, however, R‐wave increased and A‐wave decreased in velocity. The peak velocity of left ventricular filling R‐wave was also low before surgery and increased after surgery, while peak velocity of left atrial contraction A‐wave was increased before surgery and decreased to almost normal values after surgery. The left ventricular A/R ratio before surgery was also high as a result of low R‐wave velocity. The measured time interval between aortic valve closing sound and left ventricular rapid filling wave (IIA‐R time), and the measured time interval between pulmo nary valve closing sound and ventricular filling wave (IIP‐R time) were both longer before surgery than those after surgery and controls. Consequently, the measured time intervals between rapid ventricular filling flow wave and atrial contraction wave (R‐A time) for both right and left atrial were shorter before surgery than after surgery and controls. A new method for estimation of pulmonary‐to‐systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) was successfully applied to TOF, and a good correlation was obtained between Qp/Qs determined by this metho

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn automated apparatus for blood exchange transfusion (BET) has been devised with a two‐site technique for peripheral artery and vein, utilizing an Atom infusion pump. With this apparatus, we have successfully performed exchange transfusions 189 times in 110 infants with birth weights ranging from 530 g to 4,000 g within the past four years.Evaluating the influence of this method on the circulatory system, the variation in blood pressure (BP) during exchange transfusions was consecutively measured 29 times in 16 infants (14 cases by indirect method and two cases by direct method). The BP was very stable, without any significant change in the mean and the coefficient variation (CV) before, during and after the transfusion (Systolic BP: 59.3±11.9, 60.1±11.9, and 60.3±12.1 mmHg; p: n. s., CV: 7.8±4.1, 8.1±3.8, and 7.7±4.1%; p: n. s., respectively).Further, in evaluating the influence of the method on the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), brain ultrasonography was performed in 20 extremely premature infants of less than 1,500 g in birth weight prior to and following the exchange transfusion. There was no significant occurrence or exacerbation of IVH. by the method itself (IVH Grade 0: 15 cases, Grade 1: 4 cases, Grade 2: 1 case).We believe that this automated method may be more stable as it relates to variation of systemic BP and that the occurrence of IVH especially in extremely premature infants may be less likely with the automated method than with the use of Diamond's method, since it is isovolemic in pr

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) developed in 1974 was successfully administered to children with various diseases and to normal children. Leukemic children could be immunized safely and effectively using our immunization criteria. All immunized subjects had a good immunoresponse, and the titer of antibodies in 14 children were well maintained over 8 years. The Japan Varicella Vaccine Study Group (JVVSG) found that reactions developed in 46 out of 251 (18.3%) leukemic children in remission and in 38 out of 79 (48.1%) children immunized as an emergency procedure, respectively. Some severe reactions were observed in the latter group. Healthy children were also vaccinated safely and the serocon‐, version rate was satisfactory. The varicella skin reaction became positive after varicella immunization in most children. The incidence of herpes zoster in immunized children with acute leukemia was less than in natural infection. These results indicate that live varicella vaccine is useful to prevent varicella in high‐risk children as well as in normal child

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntranasally‐ rpplied inactivated influenza vaccines, which have been made for subcutaneous use, induced local production of specific IgA antibodies. There is a good prospect of practical use of inactivated influenza vaccines applied intranasall

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and twenty‐three patients (72 males and 51 females) with the chief complaint of chest pain, seen at our department during the five‐year period from January 1982 to December 1986, were studied regarding their past medical history, physical findings, results of diagnostic tests, and prognosis. The ages of the subjects ranged from 3 to 16 years (mean 11.7 years) in boys and 3 to 20 years (mean 10.9 years) in girls, constituting 0.54% of the total number of the mean annual outpatients. Of these 123, 80 patients (65%) had chest pain lasting over one month, and 91 patients (74%) had a short time of duration of pain which improved within a few seconds to five minutes. In nine (7%) of the 123 patients, the pain was considered to be related to cardiovascular lesions and in 82 patients (67%) as being idiopathic chest pain. Chest pain in children is rarely due to serious primary cardiovascular disea

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1988.tb01586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY