摘要:

AbstractAn artificial pulmonary surfactant prepared from chloroform‐methanol extract of bovine pulmonary surfactant (surfactant TA) has been shown to be effective in both the prevention and the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies. Recently, two types of protein‐free totally synthetic surfactants, artificial lung expanding compound (ALEC) and Exosurf, have been evaluated in clinical trials of surfactant therapy. Artificial lung expanding compound was used initially as a dry powder, but is now prepared as a crystalline suspension in saline at 4°C. In this study we compared the biophysical properties of three different forms of ALEC (dry powder, crystalline suspension at 4°C and 37°C), Exosurf and surfactant TA (Surfacten) using a modified Wilhelmy surface balance and a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Surface activity of a crystalline suspension of ALEC in cold saline was no better than the dry powder of ALEC. Surfactant activity of ALEC was improved by addition of hydrophobic surfactant protein B and C (SP‐B, SP‐C) which are important constituents of surfactant TA. Surface properties of ALEC in any form and Exosurf were not superior to those of surfactant TA. These results suggest that a surfactant which contains SP‐B and SP‐C does not necessarily have to be dry or crystalline for an effective exogen

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied the presence of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in 16 patients with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP) and 10 patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).An indirect immunofluorescence test using ethanol‐fixed neutrophils as a source of antigen and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using purified proteinase‐3 and myeloperoxidase as antigens were used. Neither immunoglobulin G nor immunoglobulin A (IgA) ANCA were found in any of the patients studied. It was shown that fluorescein‐isothiocyanate conjugated anti‐human IgA antibodies bound to ethanol‐fixed normal human neutrophils non‐specifically, suggesting the possibility that false positive staining was responsible for the previous reports.We conclude that ANCA does not play an important role in the pathogenes

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe contribution of the kidney to the metabolism of prolactin has not yet been established. In the present study, urinary prolactin concentrations in 30 children with renal disease were measured by a newly devised, highly sensitive, time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay. Median prolactin concentrations in the urine of children with renal disease, were 1.86 pmol/L−1of urine (range: 0.17–546.31 pmol/L−1. By stepwise regression analysis, change in urinary prolactin levels as a function of the urinary β 2‐microglobulin concentrations was detected. These results indicate that prolactin urinary excretion in children with renal disease is dependent on the renal proximal tubula

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the validity of the hypothesis that acid‐soluble peptides (ASP) in urinary excreta can be applied as an index of the protein catabolism of the whole body, we measured the urinary excretion of ASP in 46 normal children and in 18 children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in which continuous breakdown of skeletal muscle protein is presumed. The mean value of ASP in the children with DMD was significantly higher than that in normal controls.The concentration of ASP was correlated with that of 3‐methylhistidine (3MH), which has been proposed as an index of muscle breakdown. This finding indicates that urinary ASP reflects the catabolism of body proteins. No correlation was observed between the concentration of ASP and that of 1‐methylhistidine (1MH), which is used as an objective index of meat and fish ingestion.After the administration of bestatin, an inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase, for 9 months, the urinary ASP concentration of children with DMD increased markedly. This increase is thought to have been directly caused by the bestatin itself.Urinary ASP is therefore apparently a more conveniently applied index of protein catabolism than is urinary 3MH, which requires the application of several restrictions. However, it should not be applied when the effect of bestatin administration is ev

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractT cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis were studied using quantitative two‐color fluorescence analysis with a flow cytometer. The percentage of HLA‐DR+/CD3+lymphocytes (activated T cells) in CSF was significantly increased in the recovery phase when compared to the acute phase, while no significant change in the activated T cells in PB was observed. More interestingly, CD4+T lymphocytes in CSF were increased in the acute phase and subsequently decreased in the recovery phase. Instead, CD8+T lymphocytes gradually accumulated into the CSF in the recovery phase, resulting in a successive decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio. On the other hand, the CD4/CD8 ratio in PB remained normal during the course of aseptic meningitis. The present results suggest that T lymphocytes (CD4+subset in the acute phase and CD8+in the recovery phase) could be infiltrated and further activated at the site of inflammation, possibly in the subarachnoid space in the patients with aseptic meningi

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of diazoxide or polymyxin B on 3‐O‐methylglucose uptake were studied in isolated rat erythrocytes or adipocytes to elucidate the mechanisms of the actions of these agents. One to three mmol/L diazoxide significantly inhibited 3‐O‐methylglucose uptake into erythrocytes by 11–33% without altering the equilibrium space, while 0.3 mmol/L diazoxide did not. The inhibitory effect was exerted in a dose‐dependent manner in this concentration range. To test whether polymyxin B affects the process of insulin action or the glucose transport activity recruited by insulin, adipocytes prestimulated with insulin and exposed to 2 mmol/L potassium cyanide (KCN) were employed since the cells, on which glucose transporters recruited by insulin were located quiescently, were useful to estimate the effect of an agent on glucose transport activityper se.Polymyxin B (100 μg/mL) inhibited the insulin‐stimulated uptake activity in this transport system by 22.5% while it inhibited the insulin‐stimulated uptake activity in intact adipocytes which were not exposed to KCN by 32.2%. These results suggest that diazoxide inhibits the function of the erythrocyte glucose transporter, GLUT1*** (classified by Bellet al.), and indicate that the inhibition of the glucose transport activity recruited by insulin is the major effect of polymyxin B (100 μg/mL) and the inhibition of the process of insulin actio

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen red blood cells (RBC) were incubated with various concentrations of glucose, the RBC sorbitol level increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. The elevated RBC sorbitol level was not reduced by further incubation in a glucose‐free medium.In both diabetic and non‐diabetic children, an increase of RBC sorbitol levels occurred in the oral glucose tolerance test and the return to baseline was delayed in diabetics compared with non‐diabetics.In the majority of diabetics (87%), RBC sorbitol levels exceeded the upper limit of the normal range, which was arbitrarily determined as the mean + 2 s.d., in healthy non‐diabetic children and adults.A good correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels and plasma glucose levels (r= 0.644). In both diabetics and non‐diabetics, no correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels and age, and in diabetics the RBC sorbitol level was not related to the duration of disease.A good correlation was observed between RBC sorbitol levels, and hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) or fructosamine levels in diabet

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate immaturity of hematopoietic progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CB‐MNC), the formation of macroscopic colonies and mixed‐cell colonies was assayed by methylcellulose culture with various combinations of cytokines (stem cell factor [SCF], interleukin [IL]‐3, IL‐6, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor [G‐CSF], erythropoietin [EPO]) and compared with bone marrow (BM)‐MNC. Moreover, distribution of the subpopulations divided by CD34, CD38, HLA‐DR and CD33 was compared by flow‐cytometry.Colonies derived from CB‐MNC were so large that they could be observed with the naked eye and consisted of a variety of types of hematopoietic cells. Mixed‐cell colonies were formed to a much greater extent in CB‐MNC than in BM‐MNC. Addition of EPO, IL‐3, and SCF had rapid effects on the growth of mixed‐cell colonies. The subpopulations of immature hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+, CD38−, HLA‐DR−), which are supposed to be able to differentiate into hematopoietic precursors and stromal cells, were significantly higher in CB‐MNC (8.7±6.6%) than in BM‐MNC (0.0±0.1%;P<0.001). These results suggest that CB is a rich source of immature hema

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reasons for morphological changes of urinary red blood cells (RBC) in patients with glomerulonephritis are still controversial. In order to evaluate the importance of mechanical damage by the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), we examined urinary RBC taken from the patients with two different diseases which have characteristic GBM changes. Urinary RBC taken from 20 patients with Alport syndrome and nine with thin GBM disease were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Nineteen out of the 20 patients (95.0%) with Alport syndrome showed ‘glomerular type’, while five of the nine patients (55.6%) with thin GBM disease showed ‘glomerular type’. These results suggest that more complicated GBM abnormalities cause more severe RBC distortion. Therefore, we conclude that mechanical damage by the GBM may be the major factor in dysmorphism of urin

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the efficacy of captopril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor in treating persistent moderate or severe proteinuria in children with various glomerular diseases other than minimal‐change nephrotic syndrome. Captopril was administered for 3 months to 15 normotensive and nonazotemic or mildly azotemic patients (12 boys, 3 girls) in whom corticosteroid and cytotoxic treatment had failed to induce remission. Urinary protein excretion decreased from 2873.14±1937.50 (mean ± s.e.m.) to 1684.71 ± 1463.13 mg/day (P<0.05). The reduction in proteinuria was not related to a significant fall in systemic blood pressure or a change in renal function. Serum albumin did not rise and side effects due to captopril were not observed. We concluded that, in the short term, captopril can be used safely and effectively for decreasing the proteinuria of nephrotic children unresponsive to conventional t

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY