摘要:

AbstractIn order to make a rapid and accurate diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, nasal swabs obtained from 14 neonates suspected of having this disease were examined for the presence of RSV genome by reverse transcription (RT) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, along with enzyme immunoassay (EIA), serum neutralization testing and virus isolation. The RT‐PCR method was sensitive enough to detect a 0.1 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per milliliter by nested PCR. The RSV antigen was detected from the samples at more than 100 TCID50per milliliter by EIA. Nine patients were positive for the presence of RSV genome by first PCR on the day of admission, and eight were also positive by nested PCR even on the fifth hospital day. Among nine PCR positives, four patients were positive for EIA and five for virus isolation. No cases were serologically diagnosed. The cases that were negative for RT‐PCR were also negative according to the other methods. In the clinical setting, the RT‐PCR assay is more useful for diagnosis of RSV infection than other methods when the suspected cases are negative by EIA

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to elucidate the role of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) on the development of chronic lung disease (CLD) in neonates following an episode of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), serial and simultaneous measurements of the concentration of IL‐8 and granulocyte elastase α1proteinase inhibitor complex (E‐α1PI) in the tracheobronchial aspirate of very low birthweight infants with RDS were conducted. The concentration of IL‐8 and E‐α1PI in infants with CLD was low in the first 48 h of life, but dramatically increased after 48 h. The concentration of IL‐8 between 48 h of life and day 5 was significantly correlated to the fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (F1o2) within 48 h of age, but not to the mean airway pressure. Interleukin 8 seemed to stimulate neutrophils to release granulocyte elastase which, in turn, caused lung tissue injury, resulting in the development of CLD. It is suggested that highF1o2is an important factor causing IL‐8 produc

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrently, there are no data available on the optimal doses and efficacy of docarpamine in infants. In the present study, three doses of docarpamine, 15.0–20.4 (19.0 ± 1.9; mean ± SD) mg/kg per dose every 8 h to 10 infants suffering heart failure. Age and bodyweight were from 1 to 4 (1.4 ± 1) months and 2960–5160 (3350 ± 872) g, respectively. In all infants, plasma concentrations of free dopamine were measured 1, 2 and 3 h after the first administration. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were examined before and at the same time as the first administration. In seven infants, the 24 h urinary output and urinary excretion of electrolytes and creatinine before and during docarpamine were measured. Peak plasma concentration of free dopamine (ng/mL) was achieved after 1 or 2 h of administration, 0–163.1 (37.9 ± 47.2) and 0–105.0 (37.8 ± 39.3), respectively. The concentration had decreased rapidly by 3 h to 0–34.2 (12.4 ± 11.0). Both heart rate (b.p.m.) and blood pressure (mmHg) tended to increase from 120–154 (140 ± 15) and 56–90 (76 ± 11) to a peak of 124–162 (148 ± 14) and 70–92 (79 ± 8), respectively (P= 0.197,P= 0.289). There were no significant changes in urinary output or excreta. Oral docarpamine of 15–20 mg/kg per dose can achieve plasma free concentrations of dopamine that increase heart ra

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood was measured to detect intra‐amniotic fetal infection. Both amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma were pretreated by a perchloric acid treatment, and the endotoxin level was measured by Endospecy test. Cut off values for endotoxin in amniotic fluid and cord blood were 8.5 pg/mL and 7.6 pg/mL, respectively.Escherichia coliintra‐amniotic infection caused respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)‐mimicking pneumonia. Abnormally high values of endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood were detected. Intra‐amniotic infection caused by Gram‐positive bacteria (group B streptococci,Enterococcus fecalis) was shown to be endotoxin negative in both amniotic fluid and cord blood. In cases of negative amniotic fluid culture, measurement of the value of endotoxin in the amniotic fluid is useful in identifying intra‐amniotic feta

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison between the calorie intake and energy source of sick versus respiratory stable very low birthweight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) babies was made to ascertain the time taken for them to achieve adequate daily calorie intake. It was an observational study of 23 consecutive VLBW babies in which sick respiratory unstable babies were defined as those who required ventilation beyond 72 h of life. Data were collected on the daily fluid and calorie intake for 30 days of life, and beyond if necessary until the babies achieved full enteral feeding and calorie intake of more than 100 kcal/kg per day. Growth parameters at the time of transfer or discharge were also analyzed. In the study, there were 14 sick VLBW and 9 respiratory stable babies with a mean birthweight of 1027 g and 1212 g, respectively. Their mean gestational age (28.7 weeks vs 31.2 weeks), mean age when calorie intake of 100 kcal/kg per day was achieved (19.8 days vs 7.0 days), mean duration of parenteral nutrition (17.1 days vs 2.7 days), mean age when enteral feeds commenced (8.9 daysvs1.7 days) and mean age when full enteral feeding was established (20.6 days vs 7.3 days) were statistically different for the two groups. For the respiratory unstable babies, parenteral nutrition provided more energy than milk until 15 days of life. The average daily energy intake of 100 kcal/kg per day was only achieved by 30 days of life in this group. In the respiratory stable group, milk provided more than 100 kcal/kg per day from 10 days of life. There were no significant differences in somatic growth with regard to bodyweight, length and head circumference for these two groups of babies at the time of transfer or discharge. The daily calorie intake of sick VLBW babies was suboptimal even with the use of parenteral nutrition. The respiratory stable babies, through enteral feeding, easily achieved the recommended daily calorie intake.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major global problem. Early onset of iron deficiency in developing countries makes it imperative to identify iron deficiency in neonates. Most conventional laboratory parameters of iron status fail to distinguish neonates with iron deficient erythropoiesis. Serum transferrin receptor (STFR) levels are a recent sensitive measure of iron deficiency and the present study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of cord serum transferrin receptors in identifying iron deficient erythropoiesis in neonates. A complete hemogram, red cell indices, iron profile: serum iron (SI), percent transferrin saturation (TS%) and serum ferritin (SF) was carried out in 100 full‐term neonates and their mothers at parturition. Cord and maternal STFR levels were estimated using a sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Anemic women had a significantly lower SI, their TS% and high STFR levels suggesting that iron deficiency was responsible for the anemia. In the neonates of iron deficient mothers, cord SI, TS% and cord ferritin were not significantly different from those of neonates born to non‐anemic mothers. Cord STFR level correlated well with hemoglobin (Hb) and laboratory parameters of iron status, and its level was significantly higher in neonates born to anemic mothers than in those bom to non‐anemic mothers. It was the only laboratory parameter to differentiate between neonates bom to anemic and non‐anemic mothers. Therefore, STFR is a sensitive index of iron status in neonates and identifies neonates with iron deficient eryth

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present study, the weight, height, bone age and growth indices of 24 children with homozygote sickle cell anemia were measured and the relationship of these parameters to thyroid function was evaluated and compared with 14 healthy controls in the same age group. The patients consisted of two groups with either mild (n= 12) or severe (n= 12) clinical courses. There was no difference between both patient groups or with the control group with respect to weight (P>0.05). However, the difference between the mean height percentiles of the homozygote‐severe group and the control group was found to be statistically significant (P0.05). These results show that patients with severe clinical courses may have short stature but their thyroid hormones are within normal limits during the first decade of lif

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContinuous subcutaneous insulin injection was used for the self‐care of five patients aged 10–18 years with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. After an introduction to the concept and procedures for continuous subcutaneous injection, the patients soon became familiar with self‐care using an insulin pump at home and at school. Three months later, the control of blood glucose improved with smaller doses of insulin in four cases and milder hypoglycemia was observed compared to when using multiple injections. Significantly decreased variations and lowered means of early morning blood glucose values were observed and seemed to explain the reason for better glycemic control. Buffered regular insulin continuously injected by pumps brought a more stable nocturnal blood glucose level compared to isophane insulin injected at bedtime, the absorption of which seemed to vary considerably. On the contrary, unbuffered regular insulin injected by pumps brought frequent nocturnal hypoglycemia, sudden worsening of glycemic control and skin infections and thus, was deemed inadequate for continuous subcutaneous in

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStreptococcus mutanshas been shown to share a polysaccharide (PS) antigen withS. pyogenesstrains isolated from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), using a monoclonal antibody f‐77 reactive with the PS.1To investigate the pathogenetic role of the shared PS in PSNG experimental nephritis was induced in animals. Rats were immunized thrice with heat‐killed cells ofS. mutansorS. pyogenes, followed by an intravenous injection of live cells ofS. pyogenes.Histologic examination showed that both animal groups had comparable degrees of diffuse proliferative nephritis characterized by immune deposits. The shared PS antigen was detected in glomeruli of all nephritic rats by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody f‐77. Furthermore, all nephritic rats had an elevated antibody titer to the shared PS antigen. These results suggest that prior sensitization (infections such as dental caries) toS. mutansmodulates immune responses to subsequentS. pyogenesinfections and induces immune‐complex disease (PSGN) through the shared PS

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe usefulness of the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) in children is unknown. The relationship between transcapillary ultrafiltration and PET was investigated in order to evaluate the usefulness of PET in children. PET was performed on 14 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Their age and bodyweight ranged from 3.8 to 23.6 years and 10.2 to 55.8 kg, respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to bodyweight; group A patients weighed ≤ 40 kg (n= 7) and group B patients weighed>40 kg (n= 7).There was no significant difference in the mean infusion volume per bodyweight between the two groups, but the mean infusion volume per body surface area was smaller in group A than in group B. Group A showed a more rapid equilibration of dialysate glucose and creatinine than group B. Higher normalized mass transfer area coefficients were evident in group A. In spite of the lower effective glucose gradient in group A, the transcapillary ultrafiltration capacity (TUFC) showed no difference between the two groups. When the slope indices of the regression equations between the two groups were compared, the slopes of the regression in the relationship between TUFC and dialysate (D) ratios D/D0glucose or D/P creatinine in group A were steeper than those in group B. Results of the present study indicate that the larger peritoneal area to infusion volume in patients with smaller body size results in both a rapid equilibration of solutes and sufficient transcapillary ultrafiltratio

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1996.tb03530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY