摘要:

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) incubated with varicella zoster virus (VZV) antigen was studied by cytofluorography. Hydrogen peroxide generation was detected in the presence of VZV‐seropositive sera. When seropositive sera were heat‐inactivated, H2O2generation was reduced. When PMN were pre‐incubated with Leu‐1 1b, a monoclonal antibody to the Fc receptor on PMN, H2O2generation was also reduced. These results suggest that VZV antigen‐antibody‐complement complexes induce H2O2generation by PMN after these complexes attach to Fc recep

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied the effect of intravenous, polyethyleneglycol‐treated, human immunoglobulin, administered at 200 mg/kg per day (group A:n= 147; male 86, female 61; age<1 year, 50) or 400 mg/kg per day (group B:n= 152; male 87, female 65; age

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and substance P (SP) was examined in the brain‐stem of 4 infants with respiratory abnormalities associated with remote brain‐stem or cerebellar infarction utilizing immunohistochemical methods. TH‐immunoreactive cells and SP‐immunoreactive fibers were found in and around the area of the infarction in the tegmentum, in amounts and sites different from that seen in controls. The aberrant localization of SP and TH may represent an altered repair process associated with resolution of the infarction and may be related to abnormal respiratory control or sudde

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell activity, OK‐432‐augmented‐NK cell activity, concentrations of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in the culture supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with OK‐432, and subsets of NK cells and memory T cells were analyzed in 42 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Natural killer and augmented‐NK cell activities, and concentrations of IFN‐γ in the supernatants of cultured lymphocytes, were significantly lower in the patients with ALL than in age‐matched control children. Among the NK cell subsets, proportions of CD57+cells in the patients with ALL were significantly higher than in the controls, and proportions of a memory T cell subset (CD4+CD29+T cells) in the patients were also significantly higher than in the controls.These results suggest that the function of NK cells and memory T cells that are considered as IFN‐γ producing cells, may be defective in ALL, and that CD57+cells and CD4+CD29+cells may be resistant to or recover rapidly from suppression by

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have investigated cord blood granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) levels in neonates with or without neonatal complications to examine some changes in the G‐CSF levels in the neonatal period. The G‐CSF levels were measured in 613 neonates by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that G‐CSF levels were distributed in a broad range from the level under the cutting point (31 pg/mL) to over the measurable range (2000 pg/mL). Normal neonates without perinatal complications were 322. In normal neonates, the G‐CSF level correlated with the gestational age (r= 0.255,P<0.01) and cord blood leukocyte count (r= 0.210,P<0.01). The G‐CSF values were under 100 pg/mL in 95% of normal neonates with a median of 35.0 pg/mL. We divided the neonates into two groups: a lower (<100 pg/mL) and a higher (≥ 100 pg/mL), based on the G‐CSF level. The percentage of neonates with higher G‐CSF levels (≥ 100 pg/mL) was greater in neonates with perinatal complications than in normal neonates (<100 pg/mL;P<0.01). Compared with normal neonates, the percentages of the higher group were greater in neonates with infections (P<0.01), fetal distress (P<0.01), premature rupture of membranes (P<0.05), neonatal asphyxia (P<0.01) and meconium staining of amniotic fluid (P<0.01). Neonates with higher G‐CSF levels had larger numbers of peripheral leukocytes (P<0.05) than did those with the lower G‐CSF levels. Counts of leukocytes were parallel with those of neutrophils. In conclusion, cord G‐CSF levels in neonates can be increased in response to, not only infections, but also to such stress states as fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal asphyxia and meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, which may result in incre

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plays an important role in acute bronchiolitis, which is life threatening in some infants. We investigated the epidemiology of RSV acute bronchiolitis in children less than 3 years old in northern Japan. From April 1991 to March 1993, 162 infants with acute bronchiolitis were hospitalized in our pediatric wards. The diagnosis of RSV acute bronchiolitis was based on the typical clinical manifestations and the presence of RSV antigen in their nasopharyngeal specimens or the rise of the RSV antibody titer. 124 out of 162 patients (76.5%) were diagnosed as having RSV acute bronchiolitis. 43.5% of patients with RSV acute bronchiolitis were 6 months old or less. The epidemic of RSV acute bronchiolitis commenced in October, peaked in December and ended in summer. RSV is quite prevalent in infants with acute bronchiolitis in northern Japan.

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine whether paracetamol (acetaminophen) affects the outcome of children with fever due to bacterial infectious disease. A total of 208 outpatients aged 6 months to 15 years with pyrexia due to bacterial infection who had been examined at the Fujimoto Children's Hospital from March 1992 to May 1992. The number of antipyretic doses of paracetamol (10 mg/kg) a day received within 3 days of illness in the patients with acute fever (≥ = 38°C) was investigated. In this study, the patients were divided into two groups: (i) the pneumonia group, which consisted of 101 patients who were subsequently diagnosed as having pneumonia during their illness and (ii) the control group, which consisted of 107 patients who were subsequently diagnosed as having illness with fever that did not progress to pneumonia. The mean number of daily doses was significantly higher for the pneumonia group (2.52 ± 0.80) than for the control group (1.37 ± 0.72,P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the pneumonia group and the control group in body temperature during acute fever (38.7 ± 0.65vs38.8 ± 0.54°C). The data suggest that frequent administration of antipyretics to children with infectious disease may lead to a worsening of their

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rapid dipstick test of urine leukocyte esterase (LE) activity and nitrite has not been studied fully in pediatric clinical situations. We investigated the usefulness of the dipstick LE and nitrite test in the screening of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients. Ninety‐two fresh urine samples were obtained from children suspected of having UTI. Leukocyte esterase activity and nitrite were measured in the urine specimens read by a photometer. Leukocytes were also counted on a disposable slide. Urine samples were examined for bacteriuria by the standard culture method. The results of the urine dipstick test of LE showed a close relationship with leukocyte counts on a counting chamber. Leukocyte esterase (‐) indicated leukocyte counts of less than 10/uL with a probability of 97% (58/60). Of the 22 urine samples with significant bacteriuria diagnosed by standard urine culture, the nitrite test did not detect bacteriuria in 10. While the sensitivities of the dipstick tests of nitrite (+) and LE ± or more for the diagnosis of significant bacteriuria were 55% (12/22) and 86% (19/22), respectively, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the combined test were 100%. These results suggest that use of the dipstick test of LE and nitrite can avoid a large part of the cost incurred by urine culture and is useful for screening UTI in chil

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective was to detect chronic hepatitis C virus infection in recipients of blood products using retrospective analysis by recall and enrollment of recipients. 226 patients who received blood products for open heart surgery from January 1983 to June 1992 were examined for HCV antibody by using a second generation assay and liver function test. 22 (14%) of the 161 patients who received blood products before November 1989 had detectable HCV antibody, but none of the 65 recipients receiving blood products after 1990, the year the Japanese blood bank began to screen for HCV‐antibody. Abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, more than 25 iu/L, during the chronic phase of HCV infection was recognized in nine of 22 (41%) seropositive patients. The liver function test and second generation HCV antibody in the serum are effective markers to screen for chronic hepatitis C in blood product recipients transfused before 199

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of mefenamic acid (MA), 2 mg/kg, were studied in 17 preterm infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. They were given this dosage orally at 24 h intervals. There were marked inter‐individual differences in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters after the first dose; peak plasma concentration (Cmax) varied from 1.2 to 6.1 μg/mL with a mean of 3.8 μg/mL, time to reach Cmax(tmax) varied from 2 to 18 h with a mean of 7.7 h and plasma half‐life (t1/2) varied from 3.8 to 43.6 h with a mean of 18.7 h. The group of infants (10/17) who had ductus closure after the first dose had significantly lower clearance (P<0.01), longer t1/2(P<0.01) and higher 24h plasma concentration (P<0.001) compared to the group of infants (7/17) who had no ductus closure after the first dose. It appeared that the plasma concentration of MA had to be above 2.0 μg/mL and maintained at this concentration for at least 12 h for MA associated with ductus closure in preterm infants to take effect. In view of the inter‐individual variation of plasma MA concentration and the effective plasma concentration, we suggest that measurement of the plasma concentration should be done 24 h after the first dose. This might be useful for safe and effective therapy for infants with ductus closure failure after the fi

ISSN:1328-8067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1994.tb03207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY