摘要:

Adam PolitzerAdam Politzer(1835–1920) received his degree as Doctor of Medicine in 1859. His method of tubal inflation of the middle ear with the Politzer bag was published in 1863. Together with J. Gruber, he was appointed director of the newly‐founded Clinic for Otology of the University of Vienna, the first clinic of its kind in the world. Thousands of doctors from all over the world came to Vienna to attend his advanced training courses. He was aided in his teaching by his textbook,Lehrbuch der Ohrenheilkunde, which was translated into several languages. Under Politzer, Vienna became a Mecca for otologists. In 1893, Politzer demonstrated focal alterations of the otic capsule as being the cause of otosclerosis for the first time. He published 103 scientific papers. During his 46 years of teaching, Politzer transformed otology from a ‘sterile, hopeless discipline’ into an academically recognized sp

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in otological teaching following analysis of failures in surgical techniqueAn analysis was made of the results of mastoid surgery performed in the Professorial Unit of the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, between the years 1970 and 1974. Most of the surgery was performed by trainee surgeons at the end of the teaching programme. The incidence of unsatisfactory results was greater with open mastoid surgery than with closed mastoid surgery. The causes of failure were analysed, and the underlying defects in the teaching programme identified. The subsequent modification in the teaching methods that resulted are illustrated.

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The incidence, site, treatment and fate of labyrinthine fistulaAlthough the incidence of labyrinthine fistula appears to be similar in most reported series, the number of patients reported to have a positive response to the fistula test do not. This may be due to a lack of uniformity in the performance of the test. The method of the author, the direction of eye movement and its diagnostic significance are described. The occurrence and mechanism of severe sensorineural hearing loss in 5 out of 20 patients in whom the matrix was removed accidently from the fistula during mastoidectomy is discussed.

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The etiology of chronic otitis mediaVarious current theories regarding the aetiology of chronic otitis media are considered in detail. The concept that it originates from an acute middle ear infection no longer appears tenable. Recent experimental work has demonstrated the role of invading skin causing invasive osteitis. It is postulated that in some instances osteitis may follow erosion of the meatal skin and proceed to widespread chronic disease of the temporal bone. The important difference between obstruction and inadequacy of the Eustachian tube and the significance of the latter in chronic middle ear disease is emphsized. The Eustachian mechanism of cholesteatoma formation may best be studied by observing the development of retraction pockets following tympanoplasty.

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tympanic epithelial migrationThe literature on tympanic epidermal migration is reviewed. From isotope experiments and whole‐mount autoradiographs the tympanic mitotic activity appeared to be confined to an area close to the annulus tympanicus. A very slow migratory activity was observed of labelled cells, situated in the basal cell layer. Perforation of the tympanic membrane showed no effect on the position of the labels. This slow migration is considered to differ from the rapid epithelial migration described by several authors. The latter migration is suggested to occur in the upper layers of the stratum corneum, and to represent a physiological mechanism taking care of the removal of keratin from the tympanic membrane. The extrusion and displacement of ear grommets might be at least partly attributable to this phenomeno

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reconstruction of old radical cavitiesThe methods as well as the primary and late results of 74 partial and 93 total reconstructions of old radical cavities were described. In partial reconstructions the tympanic cavity was reconstructed, but the cavity was not eliminated, as it was dry or could be kept dry. In total reconstructions the tympanic cavity and auditory canal were reconstructed, and in most cases the cavity was obliterated, either by muscle or by combined grafts of muscle, tragal cartilage, and homologous septal cartilage. On the basis of the late results, functionally 10–20% poorer than the primary ones, the indications for reconstruction of old radical cavities were discussed. If there is chronic aural discharge, and if the cavity is lined with granulations, the ear can be rendered dry by total reconstruction in 90% of the case

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Homograft stapes in middle ear surgeryDescriptions are given of various uses of stapes homografts in tympanoplasty on ears with missing stapedial arch. The use of homograft stapes‐incus assembly, placing the head of the homograft stapes on the patient's own footplate and on top of that an incus, is a method which at long sight has proved to afford better results than the use of an incus columell

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tympanoplasty with preformed autologous ossiclesA method of creating a preformed new bone graft from the patient's temporal region using a titanium mould is described. The preliminary work which was performed on animals demonstrated the ability to generate healthy bone in this way. Subsequent application of this technique to the problems of ossicular reconstruction in human ears has proved encouraging in selected cases.

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ossicular reconstruction in the absence of stapedial cruraThe reconstruction of the ossicular chain when the stapes crura are absent presents a difficult problem in achieving satisfactory functional results in the treatment of chronic oitis media by tympanoplasty. When the malleus handle is present, the cases have been treated mostly by repositioning part of an incus or a piece of cartilage between the malleus handle and the mobile footplate. The problem becomes more difficult in tympanoplastic management of old radical cavities with no ossicules apart from the stapes footplate. Apart of repositioning a part of incus or a cartilage strut between the fascial graft and the footplate, the author has tried, in the management of these cases during the last 3 years, a new ‘umbrella type’ of prosthesis made entirely of tragal cartilage. This prosthesis enables a good resting surface for the new tympanic membrane and the hearing improvement seems to be greater than that resulting from other types of ossicular reconstruct

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Aeration in chronic otitis mediaThe mastoid air cell system must be looked upon as an air reservoir. The tympanic membrane is an air pressure regulator. The smaller the air volume of the mastoid the more pronounced is the volume displacement of the tympanic membrane. The more inefficient the Eustachian tube function, the more pronounced is the tympanic membrane displacement. The significance of these factors must be considered not only when discussing the etiology of chronic otitis media including cholesteatoma, but also when it comes to selecting procedures in restoring middle ear anatomy and physiology in chronic middle ear surgical disease.

ISSN:0307-7772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2273.1978.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY