ISSN:1040-8444    

DOI:10.3109/10408449009029329

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractCobalt is a technically important metal, used mainly as a binder in the hard-metal industry and as a constituent of many alloys. Cobalt compounds are used as drying agents in paints and lacquers. Since ancient times, cobalt compounds have been used as coloring agents for pottery, ceramics, and glass. Soluble cobalt salts interfere adversely with cell division, bind irreversibly to nucleic acids in the cell nucleus, induce chromosome aberrations in plants, and are weakly mutagenic in some in vifro tests with cultured animal cells, bacteria, and yeast. Injections or implantation of cobalt metal, cobalt alloys, and cobalt compounds induced local and sometimes metastasizing sarcomas in rats, rabbits, and mice. Mouse is the least susceptible animal. The only published inhalation study with hamsters exposed to COO aerosols remained non-positive. Indication of possible carcinogenic effects of cobalt alloys or compounds in human populations has arisen from medical use, in hard-metal industries, and at cobalt production. Unfortunately, confounding by nickel and arsenic is a major problem, and the size of most of the investigated populations has been rather small, so none of the investigations alone gives sufficient evidence of a carcinogenic effect in humans, but taken together there is an indication of a carcinogenic potential that should be explored further.Indication of possible carcinogenic effects of cobalt alloys or compounds in human populations has arisen from medical use, in hard-metal industries, and at cobalt production. Unfortunately, confounding by nickel and arsenic is a major problem, and the size of most of the investigated populations has been rather small, so none of the investigations alone gives sufficient evidence of a carcinogenic effect in humans, but taken together there is an indication of a carcinogenic potential that should be explored further.

ISSN:1040-8444    

DOI:10.3109/10408449009029330

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are compounds whose physical/chemical properties led to their widespread commercial use. Although their production has been banned or severely limited in most countries since the 1970s, the persistence and stability of these compounds have resulted in a worldwide distribution, especially of PCBs. PBB contamination is limited principally to the state of Michigan, where a series of tragic errors eventually resulted in the accumulation of residues in livestock and the general human population. Long-term exposure to PCBs and PBBs in animals has been associated with the induction of neoplastic nodules in the liver and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma. This review discusses the role of PCBs and PBBs in the process of carcinogenesis. The mutagenicity/genotox-icity of these compounds, as well as their initiation/promotion potential is discussed. The epidemiology of PCB and PBB exposure is reported along with an estimation of the risk of cancer to humans. Finally, possible molecular mechanisms of action are suggested for polyhalogenated biphenyls in cancer development.

ISSN:1040-8444    

DOI:10.3109/10408449009029331

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: Taylor