摘要:

AbstractAlthough the existence of plea negotiation as an operative mode of disposition in most criminal court systems has been firmly established, its role in the administration of justice remains a topic of considerable debate. It has been claimed that plea negotiation subverts ideal principles of justice while attending to administrative needs for speedy case settlement. More recent research indicates that disposition by guilty plea is a complex process that incorporates system needs as well as principles of justice. Findings from an exploratory study of the felony disposition guilty plea is a complex process that incorporates system needs as well as principles of justice. Findings from an exploratory study of the felony disposition process in the Multnomah County court system in Portland, Oregon suggest that, under certain conditions, plea negotiation can effect a balance between competing but interdependent domains of action in the criminal disposition process.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelf‐report data are used to compare the relative incidence of aggression and violence among ex‐mental patients, ex‐offenders, and the general population and to examine the effect of socio‐demographic variables on the frequency of these behaviors. Frequency was measured by reported frequencies of aggressive behaviors during the preceding year, by whether respondents could recall serious disputes, and by the recency of the disputes they recalled. In support of studies that have relied on official arrest statistics, the evidence suggests that ex‐offenders engage in violence with greater frequency than the other two groups and that they have a greater tendency to physically attack and injure their antagonists when involved in violent disputes. Ex‐mental patients appear to use weapons more frequently than the general population, but they are no more likely to injure antagonists. In contrast to labeling theory, police were no more likely to become involved or to make an arrest in incidents involving ex‐patients or

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough this concept has rarely been investigated systematically, the prison is an environment that severely limits inmates’personal control. This article applies theoretical and empirical advances in the area of personal control to the issue of inmate adjustment to prison. Personal control has three components: outcome control, choice, and predictability of future events. Research findings suggesting adverse impacts of limited control are discussed in light of their implications for prisoner adjustment. Several models of personal control, including the environmental/learned helplessness, individual difference/self‐efficacy, and incongruency/reactance models, are applied to the process of prisoner adjustment. Using these models, a conceptual framework for integrating past research in the sociology and social psychology of corrections is proposed, and directions for future research are discus

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most pressing concerns of women's rights groups is the reform of sexist attitudes and practices within the criminal justice system. One method of redressing the problem would be a major increase in the number of women in positions of power within the criminal justice system. This study casts doubt on the effectiveness of this strategy to meliorate the sexist attitudes and practices. Not only were the attitudes of female probation officers regarding sexual assault more benign than those of their male colleagues, but also sex offenders processed by female officers received significantly more lenient sentences.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResidential burglaries are important disruptions of the social order and may require special work on the part of the responding law enforcement officer. This study suggests that officers in some departments use crime scene processing as a form of remedial work or negative rite after especially serious breaches of the home as a private place and territory of the self. Controlling for the dollar value of the property loss, presence of suspect leads, and victim's race and insurance coverage, we found that officers in a southern sheriff's department were we likely to call in an evidence technician to dust for prints when victims lost objects typically regarded as markers of the self and when entry involved the use of force.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent research on deterrence has begun to couch discussions of legal sanctions in the context of broader perspectives that take account of other factors that may inhibit law violation. Such an approach can answer significant questions about the importance of legal sanctions relative to other variables. In this research, a three‐variable inhibitory model suggested by Grasmick and Green (1980) was tested using panel data from a large sample of adolescents. Internalized normative constraint was found to be the strongest predictor of subsequent delinquency. However, perceptions of the risk of both formal and informal sanctions add significantly to the model's explanatory power. Interaction effects were noted that suggest sanction threats may have a compensatory effect where internal constraints are wea

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between appearance and self‐reported delinquency. Based on prior research, it is hypothesized that (1) unattractive individuals will be more delinquent, and (2) strain, labeling, and social control variables will mediate the relationship between appearance and delinquency Data from a national sample of adolescent boys support the first hypothesis. Only partial support is provided for the second hypothesis, with social control variables explaining from 9% to 31% of the association between appearance and delinquency. Theoretical and methodological reasons for the limited support of the second hypothesis are discusse

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial scientists have a unique opportunity to generate empirical data to assist legal arguments in a court of law. Unfortunately, most researchers seldom take the initiative to research specific issues that may guide a legal question. Instead, they research issues that may interest them but have no real‐world application. This study demonstrates this problem using the example of female guards in male prism. Several suggestions are made that can put the social sciences in a leadership rol

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

CONTROLLING UNLA WFUL ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE MISCONDUCT. By Diane Vaughan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. PP. 174. Cloth.THE MAKING OF AN INMATE: PRISON AS A WAY OF LIFE. By Ann Cordilia. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing, 1983. PP. 133. Cloth.CRIMINAL VIOLENCE. Edited by Marvin E. Wolfgang and Neil A. Weiner. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publication, 1982. Pp. 350. Paper.SOCIAL CONTROL: VIEWS FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES. Edited by Jack P. Gibbs. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1982. Pp. 288. Paper.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY