摘要:

AbstractThroughout history, three traits have commonly been stressed as characteristic of the bad woman: her irresolution. her promiscuity, and her responsibility for the downfull of others. These traits were amplified by a series of studies of “cacogenic” families which appeared between 1874 and 1926. The family studies offered seemingly scientific proof that the bad woman was the source of many social problems and an important criminal type in her own right. The process by which the family studies helped remodel the image of the bad woman is examined as are effects of that remodeling on institutionalization policy. The development of this new image of the bad woman is explained, in part, by the fact that the family studies were financed by wealthy eugenists; these sponsors stood to gain from the increased social control which, the family studies showed, was required by the cacogenic woman and her prog

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the interrelationships among women, race, and crime as presented by Adler. The empirical assertions concerning the pattern of crime for black and white males and females are examined using victim survey data. It was concluded that the explanations for racial differences in female crime and delinquency advanced by Adler have little value since the empirical differences they purport to explain are not supported by the data.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes the nature, extent, and empirical ramifications of nonfelonious sex crimes on the New York City subway. Nonfelonious sex crimes are defined as those offenses designated “sexual abuse” and “public lewdness” in the revised New York Penal Code of 1967. excluding sexual abuse in the first degree. Offenders are predominantly black and Hispanic; victims white, youthful, and unexceptional in looks. Contrary to psychiatric stereotypes, 50% of recidivists in rhese crime categories prove to have arrest records for violent crimes. including nonsexual ones: and sexual abuse and public lewdness recidivists tend to commit either offense intercha

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparative data are presented assessing trends in the juvenile crime rates for Japan and the United States over the past decade. Both court and arrest records show that the rate of juvenile crime has increased substantially in the United States while remaining essentially stable in Japan. The analyses demonstrate that this conclusion holds even when appropriate controls are introduced for the age groups involved. Suggestions are made for future research that might explain the differences reported for the two nations.

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNational arrest statistics combined with juvenile court, self‐report, and field observational data are used to evaluate current conceptions of the changing nature of female delinquency. Adolescent females made arrest gains in the categories of larceny (e.g., shoplifting). liquor law violations (e.g. underage drinking), and runaways. Studies of juvenile gangs show no increase in female violence or gang‐related delinquencies while self‐report data show that, with the exception of marijuana use and drinking, female delinquency has remained generally stable over the past decade. We conclude that patterns of female delinquency, especially as revealed in nonofficial sources of evidence, have changed very little in recent years and that female delinquency continues to reflect traditional sex roles. The evidence suggests that the Women's Movement has had little or no effect on female delinquency. At the end of the report. we suggest alternative views regarding female delinquency and the forces shapi

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe apparent refutation by self‐report studies of social class‐related theories of juvenile delinquency is critically reviewed. Improper conceptualization and operationalization of “social class” are considered to be primary causes of inconsistent findings. A more appropriate “underclasslearning class” model of stratification is suggested. Although no empirical support is found for a relationship between self‐reported delinquent behavior and socioeconomic status of father's occupation. indications are that social class is somewhat more related to self‐reported delinquency using the underclass/earning class model. However, there is no reason to expect social class to emerge as a major correlate of delinquent behavior no matter how

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQuestionnaires were distributed to the inmates and staff of four custodial settings: (1) a men's prison; (2)a women's prison; (3) a boarding school for troubled and troublesome juveniles; and (4) a drug rehabilitation halfway house (staff not questioned). The hypothesis of the study was that violence would be inversely related to commitment (defined as involvement with the organization and organizational cohesion). Using attitudinal measures of commitment and a self‐report. Guttman scale of violence, the results of the study indicated the following: (1) violence was significantly inversely related to both organizational involvement and cohesion among some custodial inmates and (2) violence was slightly positively correlated with involvement and cohesion among some custodial staff. The relationship persisted among inmates even with the introduction of age and education as control variables. The use of these controls only slightly modified the relationship among custodial staf

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previously untested proposition from Sykes and Matza's neutralization theory is that certain types of offenders will favor certain types of neutralizing excuses. Murderers, for example. may tend toward denial of responsibility or denial of the victim. A competing hypothesis, derived from Hindelang's challenges to neutralization and drift theories, is that offenders would favor excuses keyed to offenses similar to their own. Robbers, for example, may favor excuses for robbery over excuses for other offenses. regardless of the content of the excuses themselves. The data presented in this article, based on o survey of inmates in four Florida prisons, fail to support either hypothesis. This may suggest that the two perspectives from which the hypotheses are derived are overly simplistic‐that the nature of crime and delinquency is more subtle and complex than indicated by either the subcultural or antisubcultural theoretical tradition

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is both a response to criticism of some of the aurhor's work on Abstract the relevance of labeling to adolescent self‐conceptions and an attempt to reconcile divergent findings. Through a reanalysis of the data under question, it was found that both official labeling and self‐reporred delinquency are related to delinquent self‐images but that self‐reported delinquency is more closely associated with such images than official labels. In an effort to reconcile divergent findings, there was some indication in the data that the impact of official labeling may vary depending on the extent of involvement in delinquency. The most pressing task regarding this issue is further study of the variable meaning of labels and sanctions in different sociocultural and group c

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0011-1384    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1980.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY