摘要:

Background.Ototopical agents are extensively used for otitis externa (OE), acute otitis media identified by otorrhea in patients who have tympanostomy tubes (AOM-TT) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). The quinolones have particular value as ototopical agents because of the broad spectrum of antibacterial activity of importance in otic diseases and the high concentrations of antibacterial activity at the site of infection.Methods.A survey of literature onin vitroactivity and microbiologic efficacy in clinical trials of quinolone otic products for OE, AOM-TT and CSOM.Results.OE: Floxin otic and Cortisporin TC otic suspension were equally effective in eradicating the three major pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilisand Staphylococcus aureus.CSOM: Ofloxacin otic was effective in an open label trial in uniform eradication of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. AOM-TT: Ofloxacin otic and amoxicillin/clavulanate (by mouth) were equivalent clinically; rates of eradication of initial pathogens were similar for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, but ofloxacin otic was superior in eradication of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.Conclusions.In each of the studies of OE, CSOM and AOM-TT, ofloxacin otic solution was effective in eradicating the bacterial pathogen from the site of infection: equivalent to Cortisporin for children with OE; superior to amoxicillin/clavulanate for patients with AOM-TT who had acute drainage; and effective in eradicating bacterial pathogens from the external canal of patients with CSOM.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess the safety of topical agents in the middle ear, animal studies were reviewed. Compared with aminoglycoside-containing preparations, which caused significant loss of hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea, ofloxacin caused no loss of hair cells, even at concentrations higher than used clinically. Moreover auditory brainstem testing revealed no change in auditory thresholds in the ofloxacin-treated animals, whereas neomycin-treated animals showed substantial threshold shifts.In human studies, use of topical ofloxacin 0.3% was not associated with any change in hearing. Topical ofloxacin has no demonstrable adverse effects on middle ear or cochlear function.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ofloxacin otic is as effective in curing otitis externa in children (<12 years of age) as is the preparation combining polymyxin/neomycin plus hydrocortisone and as ciprofloxacin otic. Furthermore ofloxacin otic, as it requires less frequent dosing, is likely to encourage greater patient adherence and consequently to achieve a better cure rate than both of these treatment options. Because a number of cases of otitis externa are complicated by an undiagnosed tympanic membrane perforation, the lack of ototoxicity associated with ofloxacin otic makes it a particularly safe option for use in these patients.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The safety and efficacy of ototopical preparations, such as ofloxacin, in the treatment of CSOM in infants and children do not currently have approval by the FDA even though ofloxacin is FDA-approved for treatment of CSOM that occurs in adults. However, treatment with ofloxacin is FDA-approved when AOM occurs in children who have a tympanostomy tube in place, and effective treatment of this acute infection should prevent the subsequent development of CSOM.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Otorrhea occurs in 21 to 50% of all children with tympanostomy tubes in the United States. More than 1 million children annually undergo tubomyringotomy, constituting placement of more than 2 million tympanostomy tubes each year. The organisms typically responsible for otorrhea are the same as those that cause otitis media in very young children, including Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Drainage from tympanostomy tubes in older children involves organisms that colonize the external auditory canal, the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Ofloxacin (Floxin otic), a newer fluoroquinalone antibiotic, has several advantages over other agents available for the treatment of otorrhea caused by acute otitis media in patients with tympanostomy tubes. The twice daily dosing regimen encourages better patient adherence to therapy, which is likely to improve treatment efficacy. Ofloxacin has not been associated with ototoxicity in animal models or in children participating in the clinical trials. It provides coverages for a wide range of pathogens, including Pseudomonas sp., and is indicated for use in children ≥1 year old and currently approved for patients <12 years with chronic suppurative otitis media. Ofloxacin applied topically in children with tympanostomy tubes in place and purulent otorrhea is as efficacious as oral amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) therapy. Other currently available therapeutic options are discussed.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID