ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We studied the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in reducing the prevalence of ampicillin and chloramphenicol-resistantHaemophilus influenzaetype b in four day care facilities after each center had individual cases of invasive infections (two meningitis, one pneumonia and one cellulitis) caused by multiply resistant organisms. Rifampin was given in a single daily dose of 20 mg/kg for 4 days. Cultures were taken pretreatment and 10 days after the last dose of rifampin. Included in the study were 174 children and 27 adults. We identified a total of 55 nasopharyngeal carriers; 45 received rifampin and 10 refused treatment. On the 10-day follow-up culture in the second sample, 95.5 and 20%, respectively, of treated and untreated children were no longer colonized withH. influenzae(P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that rifampin can successfully reduce the prevalence of multiply resistantH. influenzaetype b carriers attending day care centers.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of acetaminophen on reducing the frequency and severity of adverse reactions following diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus toxoids-polio vaccine was studied in a randomized clinical trial involving 519 vaccinations in 383 infants 2 to 6 months of age and 70 infants 18 months of age. Significantly fewer local and systemic reactions were reported in acetaminophen-treated infants at 2 to 6 months of age. Acetaminophen also reduced the incidence of fever

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection for personnel who provide services to young disabled children, we studied the prevalence of CMV infection among such children and determined the seroconversion rate among exposed personnel. The prevalence of CMV excretion was 9.8% among children aged 0 to 5 years in a University-based outpatient program vs. 3.3% in 3− to 5-year-old children attending community-based preschools. Initial serologic studies of personnel demonstrated no differences in CMV seropositivity rates among staff with occupational child contact vs. staff without such contact (40% (40 of 99) vs. 34% (26 of 77)) (P = 0.37). However, 21 of the 31 personnel 40 years and older who had occupational child contact were seropositive vs. 10 of 26 personnel of comparable age who had no occupational child contact (P = 0.026). During a 1-year follow-up, 2 of 86 (2.3%) susceptible personnel seroconverted. Rates were 4.4% (2 of 45) among staff with occupational child contact vs. no seroconversions (0 of 41) for those without (P = 0.27). These results indicate that the risk of CMV infection for personnel who work with disabled children is low. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that there may be a small cumulative risk of CMV infection that may exceed that of adults who do not have occupational contact with children.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-one patients with suspected central venous catheter-related bacteremia were evaluated with comparative quantitative cultures of central venous and peripheral blood specimens. Using criteria developed from studies in bacteremic animals, 19 patients were confirmed to have catheter-related bacteremia. Antibiotic therapy was administered through the catheter (in situtherapy) in 17 of those patients to evaluate the feasibility of treating patients with true

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The percentage ofShigellaand enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) strains resistant to trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole isolated from children with diarrhea at the outpatient department of the Children's Hospital in Bangkok increased from 3 and 0%, respectively, in 1982 to 29% and 25% in 1986. One hundred thirty-nineShigellaand 22 ETEC strains resistant to > 1024 μg/ml of trimethoprim (TMPr) isolated from children with diarrhea in Bangkok in 1984 and 1985 were analyzed for the presence of type I, II and III plasmid-specific dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes. Thirty-two percent (45 of 139) of TMPRShigellahad genes encoding type II and 9% (13 of 139) had genes encoding type I DHFR genes. Fifty percent (11 of 22) of TMPRETEC had type II and 14% (3 of 22) had type I DHFR genes.Plasmids encoding DHFR were identified by the Southern technique in 24% (14 of 58) ofShigellaand 1 of 14 ETEC that contained genes encoding DHFR. Plasmids coding for type II DHFR were transferred toE.coliK12 by conjugation from 13 of 14Shigellaand a plasmid coding for type I DHFR was transferred from the single ETEC containing a plasmid coding for type I DHFR. Genes coding for DHFR were presumably situated on the chromosome in 76% (44 of 58) ofShigellaand 93% (13 of 14) of ETEC that contained genes encoding DHFR. Since 58% (81 of 139) of TMPRShigellaand 36% (8 of 22) of TMPRETEC strains examined did not contain genes encoding type I, II or III DHFR, high level TMP resistance was presumably caused by other types of DHFR genes. Additional studies should be performed to characterize mechanisms of TMP resistance inShigellaand ETEC in Thailand. TMP-sulfamethoxazole may no longer be efficacious in the treatment ofShigellaand ETEC infections in Thailand.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study determined the extent and impact of tobramycin pharmacokinetic variability in cystic fibrosis patients. Twenty patients were hospitalized twice and the tobramycin half-life, volume of distribution and clearance were determined during Weeks 1 and 2 of both admissions. A difference (P < 0.05) existed between Weeks 1 and 2 of each admission, but not between admissions, for the clearance and half-life. No difference existed between weeks or admissions for the volume of distribution. No significant correlations existed between weeks within an admission for the half-life and clearance. There was a significant correlation for the volume of distribution between Weeks 1 and 2 of the second admission but not for the first admission. The percents of coefficient of variation and ranges were large. With dosing regimens derived from previously determined factors, “within admission” predicted peaks and troughs would result in 60 and 35% of patients outside the therapeutic range for Admissions 1 and 2, respectively. “Between admission” predictions would result in 65 and 75% of patients outside the therapeutic range. We conclude that considerable variability exists and recommend weekly determinations of serum concentrations and dosing adjustments.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID