ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine the risk of urinary tract infections in acutely ill febrile children younger than 5 years of age we obtained a urine culture from 664 children presenting to our walk-in clinic with an acute febrile episode. Only 11 children (1.7%) had significant bacteriuria. This figure is similar to the number of children who would be expected to have asymptomatic bacteriuria. These results suggest that pediatricians are not missing the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in febrile children.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infants with respiratory distress syndrome are routinely evaluated for infection which commonly includes a lumbar puncture. In this study cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination failed to elicit evidence for meningitis in 238 consecutively admitted infants with respiratory distress syndrome evaluated during the first 24 hours of life. Blood cultures were obtained in all; suprapubic or catheterized urine was obtained in 163 infants; CSF was collected successfully in 203 infants. Seventeen infants demonstrated positive blood cultures: 7Streptococcus,5Staphylococcus,3Haemophilus influenzae,1Bacillus subtilisand 1 diphtheroid infection. CSF obtained from 14 of those infants had normal examinations and sterile cultures. Factors associated with bacteremia were birth weight (P< 0.01), gestational age (P< 0.01), prolonged rupture of membranes (P< 0.05) and leukopenia below 10 000/mm3(P< 0.05). In view of the negative CSF examinations in infants with positive blood cultures and the potential complications of lumbar puncture (hypoxia, trauma, infection, epidermoid tumor), the potential risks of CSF evaluation may exceed the assessed benefit for the infant with respiratory distress syndrome.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The virus or viruses (human immunodeficiency virus) associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be transmittedin uteroor perinatally from an infected mother to her baby. Infected adults may remain asymptomatic for months to years, during which time a mother could transmit the virus. It is not known to what degree a mother may transmit the virus perinatally or whether postnatal transmission is possible.We studied a cohort of children whose mothers had been reported to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, comparing human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive with seronegative children as well as a cohort of inner city children with similar socioeconomic characteristics whose mothers are well. Three (12%) of 25 children whose mothers have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were seropositive compared with none of 44 children whose mothers were well. The seropositive children had lower T4A:T8 lymphocyte ratios than children in the other groups. Nine children of affected mothers were young enough to have been born within their mother's incubation period and were seronegative and well. When compared with seronegative children the seropositive children did not have greater contact with their ill mothers, either in types of physical interaction or in length of time lived together. Although this study cannot preclude the possibility of postnatal nonsexual transmission, it does present evidence against it.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The efficacy and safety of permethrin 1% creme rinse and lindane shampoo were compared for the treatment of head lice (Pediculus humanusvar.capitis). A total of 1040 patients in the Nezahualcoyotl community of Mexico City representing 296 family groups were enrolled and randomized to treatment, with one patient in each family designated as the index patient. Among index patients 98% treated with permethrin and 76% treated with lindane were louse-free 2 weeks after treatment (P< 0.001). Comparable results were found with nonindex patients as well. Mild dermal reactions, such as pruritus or erythema, occurred in 1.2% of permethrin-treated patients and 2.6% of lindane-treated patients. There were no reports of central nervous system adverse effects or conjunctivitis.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Respiratory deterioration accounts for the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with cystic fibrosis. The role ofLegionellain this deterioration was determined in a 2-year prospective study of 49 patients with cystic fibrosis and 19 sibling controls. Sera were obtained from participants on enrollment and at quarterly intervals.Legionellaantibodies were measured in parallel using an indirect fluorescent assay. No seroconversions were observed. Eleven of 49 patients with cystic fibrosis (22%) were seropositive compared to none of 19 siblings (P< 0.05). Six of the 11 patients demonstrated high titers (≥1: 512) that persisted throughout the study. Absorption with pools of variousPseudomonasspecies reduced the antibody titers such that only 3 remained positive after absorption.Legionellawas not found to be an important cause of clinical deterioration during this study. The results of the absorption studies suggest that high titers toLegionellain this population are due to cross-reacting antibodies.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Rhesus rotavirus oral vaccine strain MMU 18006 at a dose of 105plaque-forming units (PFU), a 1:10 dilution of the original undiluted vaccine, is highly immunogenic in young children. Fevers have occurred, however, on Days 3 and 4 following vaccination. This study was conducted to determine whether febrile reactions could be eliminated and immunogenicity maintained by (1) giving smaller doses of vaccine or (2) vaccinating younger infants. Thirty-one children between 3 and 11 months of age received, in a randomized, double blind manner, either 104PFU of vaccine virus, 103PFU of vaccine virus or placebo. All recipients of the 104PFU dose had a seroresponse; however, some degree of immunogenicity was lost with the smaller dose (103PFU). Fevers were observed in recipients of both of the lowered doses of vaccine but the febrile reactions were related to the age of the vaccinee. No infant younger than 5 months of age experienced a temperature elevation, whereas the majority of children older than 5 months had fevers. Our data suggest that the lack of reaction in the younger infants correlates with the presence of prevaccination neutralizing antibody, presumably transplacentally acquired. We conclude that the rhesus rotavirus oral vaccine at a dose of 104PFU is immunogenic and appears to be safe in young infants.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID