摘要:

Recently studies conducted in several countries using Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine administered subcutaneously to infants younger than 9 months of age have shown high seroconversion rates, approaching or equaling those routinely achieved at 9 months of age with the more widely used Schwarz vaccine. These results have raised expectations that the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine can play an important role in helping to prevent measles in young infants in highly endemic areas. Because of the implications of changing the measles vaccine recommendations, vaccine advisory groups and vaccine manufacturers will require additional studies to confirm the preliminary findings and to answer new questions which have been raised. The needed data will probably be collected over the next year or two in studies already under way or being planned in the hope that a more effective vaccine for young infants can be introduced before the end of this decade.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We report the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in 23 infants with positive cultures forListeria monocytogeneswho were treated in our hospital during a recent epidemic. The majority of infants (70%) were preterm and none was small for gestational age. Thirteen (56%) had respiratory distress at birth with evidence of congenital pneumonia. Four of the 5 deaths occurred among these infants. Four infants considered healthy after resuscitation developed fever and lethargy within 36 hours after birth. Only one of these infants had evidence of pneumonia. We conclude that congenital pneumonia with respiratory distress at birth is the major cause of mortality and morbidity fromL. monocytogenesinfection in the neonate.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recommendations vary considerably for duration of parenteral therapy of common bacteremic infections in children. To assess the efficacy of the current standard of practice by private pediatric practitioners in Portland, OR, we reviewed hospital and clinic records of children older than 6 months of age with non- central nervous system bacteremic disease due toHaemophilus influenzaetype b,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidisand Group AStreptococcusduring 1981 to 1984. Diagnoses were: cellulitis (buccal/periorbital), 21; bacteremia without focus, 17; epiglottitis, 13; pneumonia, 7; and other, 4. The average duration (range) of fever (>37.9°C) was 1.8 days (0.5 to 21 days), that of parenteral therapy was 2.9 days (0 to 10 days) and that of oral therapy was 9.5 days (4 to 42 days). No complications of inadequate therapy assessed by clinical or microbiologic failure were reported in study patients. Our review suggests that in a private practice where compliance and accessibility of medical care are good, parenteral therapy for non-central nervous system bacteremic disease need be continued only until the child is afebrile for 24 to 48 hours; outpatient oral therapy should be provided to complete a 10− to 14-day total course of antibiotics. A lumbar puncture should be performed in bacteremic children to rule out occult meningitis.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ureaplasma urealyticumis a common inhabitant of the urogenital tract of pregnant women. Although colonization of newborn infants withU. urealyticumhas been documented previously, the actual rate of vertical transmission has not been determined. Cervical cultures forU. urealyticumwere performed on 1315 pregnant women on admission to the labor suite. A positive culture was found in 810 (62%). Eye, nasopharyngeal and/or throat, vaginal and rectal cultures were obtained in the first 5 days of life from 132 full term infants born to mothers colonized withU. urealyticum.Fifty-nine infants (45%) had at least one culture site positive forU. urealyticum(eye, 4%; nasopharynx 24%; throat, 16%; vagina, 53%; and rectum, 9%). None of the infants had evidence of disease caused byU. urealyticumduring the nursery stay. Vertical transmission was not affected by the method of delivery. However, among the vaginally delivered infants, rupture of membranes >1 hour correlated with an increased rate of vertical transmission ofU. urealyticum(52%) compared with rupture of membranes >1 hour (22%) (P< 0.05). Because vertical transmission ofU. urealyticumoccurs frequently, caution must be exercised when attributing disease toU. urealyticumbased solely on positive cultures of mucosal surfaces.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 516Escherichia colistrains randomly isolated from coprocultures of 154 Chilean children with diarrhea and 66 controls were examined with DNA probes and tested for adherence to HEp-2 cells. Three adherence patterns were distinguished, localized, true diffuse and “aggregative.” EnteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) were detected by EPEC adherence factor probe among 86 of the 372 isolates (23%) from patients with diarrheavs.14 of 144 (10%) strains from controls (P< 0.0002). Of 95 strains that manifested localized adherence, 97% were EPEC adherence factor probe-positive; thus the HEp-2 assay may serve as an alternative to the probe in identifying EPEC adherence factor-positive EPEC. True diffuse adherence was not associated with diarrhea. In contrast the aggregative pattern appears to signify a new, distinct class of diarrheagenicE. coli(enteroadherent-aggregativeE. coli). The aggregative pattern was found in only 3 of 27 enterotoxigenic, 0 of 4 enteroinvasive, 0 of 2 enterohemorrhagic and 2 of 86 EPEC strains but in 84 of 253 probe-negative strains (P< 0.00001) from patients with diarrhea; in comparison only 20 of 134 probe-negative strains from controls were aggregativeE. coli(P< 0.00001 us. probe-negative strains from diarrhea patients).

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We observed unexplained treatment failures in 13 patients with serious infections and apparent incidental giardiasis. Antibiotic concentrations were assayed in the serum from patients before initiatinganti-Giardiatherapy and again 2 to 3 weeks after therapy. The peak serum concentrations of antibiotics were higher after treatment for giardiasis. The rat model of giardiasis was used to examine the hypothesis that oral antibiotics are malabsorbed duringGiardia lambliainfection. Twenty-eight-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/dose), ampicillin (50 mg/kg/dose), cefaclor (50 mg/kg/dose), cephalexin (50 mg/kg/ dose), erythromycin (50 mg/kg/dose), penicillin V (50 mg/kg/dose) or sulfamethoxazole (20 mg/kg/dose) and sera were assayed for antibiotics at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours after therapy. The same rats were fed 105G. lambliacysts on 4 consecutive days. On Day 7 of infection the rats were fed the same antibiotic and sera were assayed for antibiotics at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 hours after therapy. The mean peak serum concentrations for all drugs except sulfamethoxazole were significantly higher in the rats before infection withG. lamblia.These data suggest that oral antibiotic therapy maybe compromised by decreased absorption in the presence of giardiasis.

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0891-3668    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID