ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.It is proposed that Group Analysis, theoretically and practically, provides a useful approach to the study and treatment of psychosomatic problems. It highlights the struggle to move from a restricted internalisation and somatisation of emotional difficulties to their understanding and resolution within a new network of relationships (the therapeutic group). This throws into relief and reveals their origin in the world of internal objects and the pervading social matrix, as well as in the individual's current life situation.Further communication and verbalisation are encouraged by the example of others in the group, especially by those who have already trodden the path from somatisation to fuller expression of themselves. A clinical example is used to illustrate this process, the difficulties are discussed and the need for a range of treatments, physical, individual and group emphasised.

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Impulsive action, such as binge eating or drinking, wrist‐slashing, compulsive promiscuity or chronically explosive marital conflict, presents serious problems for psychoanalysis. Such action evokes explanations both from the analyst and from the patient. The analyst may be held captive by explanatory notions that emphasise one aspect of impulsive action rather than the whole process. These explanations are based on our notions of drive pressure, adaptation, control and attack of intimate persons, ‘acting out,’ and the ‘compulsion to repeat’. The patient's explanations may be either consciously stated or inferred by the analyst as unconscious‘explanations’from associative material. If the patient's explanations dovetail with or adapt to those of the analyst, the analyst may take them as confirmatory, and the whole process of breakdown and restitution may escape analytic scrutiny.This process includes: (1) a precipitant that is narcissistically wounding; (2) a prodrome consisting of an experience of lack or absence which the patient feels as persecution, and a restitutive phantasy of the lack as fillable by a consummatory act; (3) the act itself; (4) character defences that ward off mortification on awareness of personal disintegration (shame) or the consequences of the act (guilt); explanations emphasising guilt often screen those giving rise to shame; (5) an attempt to regulate distance to protect against narcissistic injury by keeping intimates from getting too close or too far away.The therapist's tendencies to overemphasise the precipitant, the meaning of the act, or its distance regulating may convey an attitude of blame rather than understanding. Therapeutic emphasis on the subjective experience in an unintegrated way is sympathy, not empathy; sympathy is collusive and fosters splitting and impedes working with the negative transference. Blame or sympathy may be buttressed by the type of explanation accepted by analyst and patient. Explanatory preconceptions must be transcended to do effective interpretive work. Interpretation should convey understanding of a preoccupied ego that manifests its disorganising and restitutive propensities in the process of imp

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.… the extraordinary propensity of the human being to join hands with external forces in an attack upon his own existence is one of the most remarkable of biological phenomena (Menninger 1938)The term 'superego’(which should perhaps be replaced by‘anti‐ego’) is used to denote a set of habitual response tendencies that are antagonistic to the self, and cause the subject to behave as if he were two separate persons at war with each other. The superego develops in early life and may be ‘punitive’or‘humiliating’or both. The former kind arises through learning to restrain the self from dangerously rebelling against overwhelming coercion, and the latter through intense striving to avoid parental scorn. The resultant‘internal’conflict resembles the external one between an actual child and a demanding parent; and the relative fortunes of the two antagonists provide a model for understanding the characteristics of many kinds of emotional and psychosomatic disorder. Superego behaviour is propagated from generation to generation; and perpetuates itself in the individual by preventing the responses that, by proving it unnecessary, would lead to its extinction. Self‐punitive conditions are therefore highly resistant to treatment, which must be specially directed to the particular needs of each of the patient's two conflicting parts in turn. To be able to do this, psychotherapists themselves need to be freed from their own internal conflicts du

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A brief summary of genetic research into schizophrenia is followed by a résumé of Jung's ideas regarding the psychology of schizophrenia. The latter is then discussed in the light of recent biological findings followed by a discussion of the tendency to see psychological factors as causative. Finally, a model incorporating biological and psychological factors based on Jung's hypothesis is propose

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper discusses some of the concepts in the theory and practice of transpersonal psychology and the sources from which they have been derived. The basic concept of the ‘self as distinct from the‘ego’is characteristic of most Eastern philosophies. The use of imagery as a means of contacting unconscious material can be traced back through the esoteric practices of both West and East, its recent applications having been developed by Carl Jung and Roberto Assagioli. Abraham Maslow began modern research into transcendental altered states of consciousness with his research on peak‐expe

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY.Guntrip's (1977) vehement rejection of Erikson's (1965) image of man as centaur, particularly when the latter seemed so close to Freud's rider‐and‐horse metaphor for the ego and id, prompted a review of the appropriateness of these and similar metaphors or images of mankind such as centaur, fallen angel or irredeemable devil. This leads into the consideration of other issues such as whether psychoanalysis is a science or an art; whether it belongs in the rational or romantic tradition; whether it is a science at a pre‐scientific metaphorical stage or a new humanism in its own

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper presents the rationale for a brief form of psychotherapy based on the Conversational Model of psychotherapy developed by R F Hobson. In the proposed model, termed Two‐Plus‐One Exploratory therapy, clients are seen for two sessions one week apart followed by a third session three months later. Issues pertaining to service delivery needs and client selection are discussed prior to presentation of (1) the clinical basis for the model, and (2) the research bases relating to number of treatment sessions, treatment span, and planned follow‐up. The implications of implementing the proposed model for both psychotherapy researchers and clinicians are disc

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This paper presents a single case study employing a model of brief Exploratory therapy, termed two‐plus‐one therapy, in which a client, Doris, presenting with an intense fear of thunder, was seen for two sessions one week apart followed by third session three months later. The therapist was Dr Robert Hobson and the three sessions were videotaped. The paper presents five central components of the model: (1) focus on the client's affect; (2) identification of a focal issue; (3) personal meaning of dream content; (4) emphasis on the interpersonal process in the ‘here and now’; and (5) identification of a narrative point of origin. These components are presented with extensive use of verbatim transcripts of the sessions to illustrate these components together with the techniques used in this mode of brief therapy. The changes achieved, and not achieved, in the client's pathology are di

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-9883    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1989.tb01266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY