ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Continuous spinal anaesthesia offers potential advantages over both single-injection spinal anaesthesia and continuous epidural anaesthesia. While clinical experience with it has largely been positive, the appearance of complications associated with the utilization of macrobore and microbore catheters at subarachnoid level has constituted the main limiting factor in the application of the technique. The development of new equipment and clinical applications, and factors contributing to safety and efficacy, are presented.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In order to minimize complications of regional analgesia, methods to reduce local anaesthetic dose requirement have included elimination of superfluous test doses, intrathecal and low-dose epidural loading, selection of appropriate opioid and addition of clonidine. While these techniques reduce motor block, their effects on obstetric outcome inconsistent. Prospective studies have demonstrated that, with the exception of headache, long-term sequelae of regional analgesia are fewer than initially supposed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since their introduction into clinical practice 18 years ago, spinal (unless specified otherwise, the term spinal has been used as a generic equivalent to both epidural and subarachnoid administration routes) opioids have achieved great international popularity in a variety of clinical settings, either as sole analgesic agents or in combination with lowdose local anaesthetics. Judging from the literature during the past year, the technique continues to be particularly popular for postoperative and labour pain. The few studies selected in this review highlight the important trends.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A combined block of the lower extremity offers many advantages over spinal or epidural anaesthesia, such as less hypotension, no bladder paralysis or postspinal headache and fewer concerns regarding coagulation problems. The advantages of a low complication rate are overshadowed by the fact that more time is required to perform the block and that a certain failure rate has to be accepted, particularly when used for knee surgery.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An ankle block provides sufficient anaesthesia for surgery of the toes, forefoot and midfoot. Only recently have large patient series demonstrated the safety, reliability and high acceptance rate of this anaesthetic technique. Due to its low complication rate, the ankle block can be safely performed even in patients with significant myocardial ischaemia. Moreover, an ankle block with long-acting local anaesthetics guarantees prolonged postoperative analgesia, making this technique especially suitable for ambulatory surgery.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials provide the highest level of evidence for treatments. There is now good evidence from systematic reviews concerning the relative efficacy of oral analgesics in moderate and severe postoperative pain, for the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and for the use of morphine in the knee joint. Using this knowledge carefully should improve postoperative care.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patient-controlled analgesia remains one of the most effective techniques of relieving acute (postoperative) pain. In 1996, 95 papers from studies of patient-controlled analgesia were published. New innovative patient-controlled analgesia applications are rare: non-invasive techniques including oral and transnasal routes are the most interesting at the moment. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia and patient-controlled sedation have now proven their position in routine clinical practice. Patients' acceptance is high for self-administration and side effects are usually only minor. Patient-controlled analgesia was often used in scientific studies, providing information on the efficacy of other analgesic techniques, drugs and drug combinations.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Insufficiencies in education, fear of side effects and the lack of standards and organizational background are major barriers to improvements in acute pain therapy. Therefore guidelines have been set up and implemented in clinical practice during recent years in many countries, and acute pain services have been established. The effect of these guidelines on outcome parameters remains to be evaluated.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID