摘要:

The exacerbation of chronic lung disease, bronchospasm, atelectasis, pneumonia, and respiratory failure with prolonged mechanical ventilation are considered to be clinically relevant postoperative pulmonary complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Careful history taking and a thorough physical examination are the most sensitive ways to identify patients at risk. Lung function tests serve as management tools for optimizing preoperative therapy and to assess postoperative lung function and individual risk in lung resection candidates. Additional cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides valuable information in borderline cases. The cessation of smoking, optimizing nutritional status and physiotherapy serve to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. Moreover, medical therapy is recommended, especially for patients with obstructive airway diseases. In the absence of controlled clinical trials, medical therapy along the respective guidelines, with the primary goals of minimizing symptoms and improving lung function to the optimum seems to be a reasonable approach.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Modern techniques to isolate the lungs, coupled with accurate continuous non-invasive monitoring, have made single-lung ventilation safe and easy to perform. Most patients maintain an adequate arterial oxygen tension during single-lung ventilation. In order to maximize oxygenation, efforts are directed towards optimizing perfusion and ventilation to the ventilated lung or increasing the oxygen content of blood returning from the collapsed lung.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anesthesia for thoracic surgery in children covers a wide range of ages, associated disease processes, and surgical pathology. Therefore, the anesthetist must be prepared to deal with a diverse group of patients of all ages along the pediatric spectrum, combining knowledge regarding both pediatric and thoracic anesthesia. The following article reviews the anesthetic care of infants and children during thoracic surgery with emphasis on: (i) preoperative assessment; (ii) techniques for one-lung ventilation; (iii) anesthetic implications of specific procedures including laryngoscopy/bronchoscopy, thoracoscopic procedures, and open thoracotomy; and (iv) postoperative considerations including pain management.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Adequate perioperative pain management has become an important part of thoracic anaesthesia. In the past few years, many trials have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of various analgesic regimens. This review summarizes the most frequently used analgesic techniques, with a particular emphasis on the results of studies and innovative ideas published between August 1999 and August 2000.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID