摘要:

Septic shock continues to be a major cause of hospital mortality. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of septic shock have prompted new approaches to haemodynamic management. Modification of the actions of cytokines and nitric oxide, the elimination of inflammatory mediators, and techniques to improve and monitor microvascular perfusion and organ oxygenation are currently being assessed, alongside more traditional therapy, for their effect on patient outcome.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures generated by conventional closed chest cardiac massage are often inadequate to generate the levels of blood flow that are needed to restore cardiac function and preserve brain function. Three newer forms of applying force during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are associated with varying levels of increased coronary and cerebral blood flow in animal models and are now undergoing clinical trials. The underlying principles of abdominal compression, circumferential chest compression, and sternal force applied during chest relaxation (active decompression) suggest that these techniques may significantly improve the prognosis after cardiac arrest.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury are important clinical problems. This paper discusses recent developments in myocardial protection over the past year, focussing on cellular mechanisms for reperfusion injury and controversies in cardioplegic techniques.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nitric oxide is an important endothelium-dependent relaxing factor. When inhaled as a gas at low levels, nitric oxide selectively dilates the pulmonary circulation. Significant systemic vasodilation does not occur because nitric oxide binds rapidly to hemoglobin and is inactivated. In addition, when inequalities of ventilation/perfusion matching are present, inhaled nitric oxide may produce local vasodilation of well-ventilated lung units and ‘steal’ blood flow away from unventilated regions. This reduces intrapulmonary shunting and improves systemic arterial oxygenation. Nitric oxide inhalation therapy is now being clinically evaluated in prospective randomized studies of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Potentially, inhaled nitric oxide will be a valuable therapy in a variety of clinical settings including acute lung injury, acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID