ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent investigations into the effects of low concentrations of inhaled anesthetics on psychometric parameters, pain threshold, hypoxic response, bronchial tone, pulmonary circulation, and learning are reviewed. The prolonged administration of isoflurane in the intensive care unit, patient awareness during general anesthesia, and sympathetic activation by desflurane and isoflurane are discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Propofol, the newest intravenous anaesthetic, has now been given to millions of patients. Its pharmacodynamic effects have been extensively studied during the past year, however unanswered questions remain: whether it is really superior to older drugs in daycare surgery, in obstetric anaesthesia, or in patients with cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, or porphyria. The pulmonary and hepatic effects of propofol are also discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence that anaesthetics act on the central nervous system (CNS) at different sites which modulate various effects in different ways is increasing. Cognitive functions, memory, and learning are generally affected at much lower doses than are motor responses to noxious stimuli. Motor responses have been shown to be dependent on CNS structures other than the forebrain, most probably the spinal cord. Auditory evoked potentials are influenced quite differently by opioids and ketamine than by volatile anaesthetics. The notion of 'general anaesthetic action' is an oversimplification of the action of anaesthetic agents on the CNS.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Myocardial contractility and vascular tone correlate directly with cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells. Anaesthetics may affect intracellular calcium cycling at a number of subcellular sites. The mechanisms behind these anaesthetic-induced changes in intracellular calcium handling and the differential effects of the various anaesthetics on myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells are discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several authors have measured the pharmacokinetic parameters of opioids as they relate to specific pharmacodynamic features intraoperatively (movement with skin incision, autonomic reactivity, rigidity) and postoperatively (analgesia). Noninvasive techniques of administering lipid-soluble opioids, including transdermal (passive and iontophoretic) and intranasal are also currently under investigation. The controversy regarding epidural versus intravenous administration of lipid-soluble opioids has continued in the recent literature. The increased interest in intrathecal morphine has prompted several dose-response studies which are discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three general avenues of recent research serve to advance the basis of understanding of opioid analgesia: (1) the characterization of opioid receptors; (2) the definition of endogenous substances that mediate or modulate opioid receptor function; (3) an improved understanding of opioid tolerance and dependence. Advances in each area are revealing treatment and pharmacologic strategies which promise safer and more effective treatment of pain.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID