ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cellular and molecular basis of general anaesthesia is still being elucidated. The commonly held view that synaptic transmission is vulnerable to modulation by anaesthetics continues to provide a satisfactory basis for understanding the cellular mechanisms of anaesthesia. Many of the available data can now be explained in terms of altered ion channel function.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review examines the dynamics of volatile and intravenous anaesthetic agents, with special reference to the use of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and minimum infusion rate as indices of equipotency. Factors influencing these indices are discussed. The mechanisms of action of anaesthetic agents are unknown, but advances in receptor pharmacology and neurophysiological techniques allow us to investigate possible mechanisms. Although we administer anaesthetic agents primarily to produce hypnosis, all agents have other side effects; of particular importance are their actions on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the intravenous anesthetics continue to attract considerable scientific activity. Recent studies have established the concentration of thiopental associated with loss of consciousness and responsiveness, and have correlated these concentrations with electroencephalographic effect. The unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of propofol has found application in sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, and alfentanil's pharmacokinetics have been developed for cardiac anesthesia in children. Computer-controlled drug delivery is increasingly being used as a research tool in this field. Lastly, several recent theoretical manuscripts demonstrate the fallacy of conventional interpretations of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and have shown that computer simulations are necessary to understand the complex behavior of the intravenous drugs used in anesthetic practice.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypersensitivity reactions still form the most problematic group of adverse reactions to intravenous anaesthetics. Their severity range is wide, their diagnosis remains uncertain, and the medicolegal implications are important. However, estimation of plasma tryptase levels is a valuable diagnostic tool, especially when accompanied by confirmatory tests to identify the causative agent. Haemolysis is a problem with etomidate, which, although not unexpected, is certainly an undesirable and avoidable side effect. Finally, deaths with high-dose, long-term infusions of propofol in children have provoked discussion and have delayed use of the drug until more information is available.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent research on drug interactions has focused on non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agents Some publications were related to pharmacodynamic interactions between opioids or ketamine and anaesthetics or muscle relaxants. Only one study has assessed pharmacokinetic interactions in the field of benzodiazepines.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pharmacologic advances in anesthetics over the past decade have focused on drug safety, shorter duration of action, and ease of administration. In this regard, the novel volatile inhaled anesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane have been extensively investigated as possible improvements for anesthetic management.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Desflurane and sevoflurane are new halogenated volatile anesthetics with increased rapidity of induction and awakening compared with older inhalational drugs. Both these compounds should be very useful clinically. It is anticipated that they will he relatively tree of hepatic and renal toxicity, but for different reasons.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We review advances in the understanding and use of intravenous anesthetics, including new pharmacokinetic principles of context-sensitive half-times, percent coefficients, and their relationship to the effect site. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is discussed, including synergism, anaphylaxis, and intraoperative awareness. New drugs (pregnanolone) and delivery techniques (intranasal and patient-controlled sedation) are also reviewed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID