ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Head trauma continues to be an epidemic affecting young people, primarily as a result of motor vehicle accidents. Recent advances center on the identification of ischemia as an important contributing factor to secondary injury. Use of transcranial Doppler and continuous jugular venous oximetry are reviewed. New modalities of treatment are also discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In addition to the conventional physiologic approaches, several lines of investigation are aimed at elucidating mechanisms of ischemic neuronal injury, and methods of protection. Glutamatergic receptor antagonism has been an on-going area of research. Attenuating the calcium flux also has shown promise in decreasing neuronal injury. Modulating intracellular messengers, such as phoshoinositides, may provide additional means of intervention. Cerebral hypothermia has re-emerged as potentially a very effective treatment modality. The role of nitric oxide in neuronal injury has suggested another avenue of therapy. Finally, several other promising interventions are discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent information suggests that nitric oxide (NO), or an NO-containmg compound, plays an important role in regulation of cerebral circulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Evidence suggests that NO is produced in response to appropriate stimuli by the endothelium of the brain vessels and neurons and glia. In addition, systemic diseases (such as diabetes and atherosclerosis), pathophysiological conditions of the brain (such as ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage), and perhaps anesthetics, influence the functions of endothelial-dependent mechanisms.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies on monitoring the central nervous system are reviewed. Current techniques include evoked potentials, electroencephalography, intracranial pressure measurement, and various methods for assessment of cerebral hemodynamics. These techniques are applied to improve outcome during the perioperative period, and to assist in the management of head-injured patients on intensive care units in order to make decisions for adequate treatment modalities.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many potential problems continue to exist for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. This article reviews some of the recent investigations concerning detection, prevention and the treatment of venous air embolism during craniotomy and spinal surgery. The use of nitrous oxide remains controversial; its role in the development of tension pneumocephalus and its effect on intracranial pressure are discussed. Other topics reviewed include the control of blood pressure on emergence, possible coagulation disorders with hydroxyethyl starch and the postoperative development of thromboembolic events.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent studies of local anaesthetics with respect to chiral aspects of their molecular neuropharmacology and pharmacokinetics, new delivery systems, effects on leukocyte function, transfer across spinal meninges, and the development of biosensors are reviewed. The influence of diabetes on the action and kinetics of local anaesthetics is also discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Different techniques are used to control the level of sensory blockade using single-shot spinal anaesthesia: speed of injection, level of injection, baricity of the intrathecally injected solution and position of the patient. To control the duration of sensory blockade, opioids, α-adrenergic agonists or both are added to the local anaesthetics or the local anaesthetics are incorporated in a lipid formulation.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Perioperative epidural anesthesia offers more utility than any other anesthetic technique In spite of or because of this, it is subject to ongoing evaluation. The comparatively few articles reviewed are representative of this active process.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID