ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nitrous oxide does still have a role to play in anaesthesia — as a cheap, proven and safe drug that provides analgesia and hypnotic effects with little respiratory depression. Even so, hypoxia, emesis, effects on air-filled cavities and vitamin B12 toxicity may be problems in some patients, whereas low potency is a problem in general.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The recent release of sevoflurane outside Japan and ongoing research with desflurane have resulted in a number of advances in our understanding of these new low-solubility, volatile anesthetic agents. Initial concerns over sevoflurane's potential for causing renal injury via fluoride ion or compound A generation seem to be fading. The mechanism of desflurane's stimulatory effect on the sympathetic nervous system remains elusive, while attempts are being made to pharmacologically attenuate this phenomenon. Several studies have demonstrated that the theoretic advantages of low-solubility agents (rapid onset and offset, rapid titration of dose) can result in clinical advantages as well. Unfortunately, most of the benefits of these new agents appear to be short-lived and may have only a modest effect on overall patient outcome. Further investigations aimed at cost-benefit and outcome issues should help the anesthesiologist to select the optimal inhalational agent for a particular clinical need.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The development and evaluation of new intravenous anaesthetic agents require the combination of basic science studies in the laboratory coupled with detailed clinical studies. Propofol has been studied to learn more about its mechanisms of action and utility as an anaesthetic agent. Ketamine has many desirable properties but important side effects occur (cardiovascular stimulation, emergence phenomena). The evaluation of the S(+) isomer continues. Eltanolone (5β-pregnanolone) in an emulsion formulation has undergone further evaluation but offers no clinical advantages over other available agents.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The recent developments in the clinical use ofα2-adrenoceptor agonists are reviewed. The reasons why these drugs are still not a routine component of anaesthesia are also discussed.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Perioperative nausea and vomiting has been described as the 'big little problem following ambulatory surgery'. In contrast to the attitudes of some physicians, patients put a high value on freedom from nausea and emesis in the postoperative period and are willing to accept some pain and drowsiness as the cost of controlling it. The introduction of the intravenous anesthetic propofol, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac, the avoidance of routine antagonism of residual neuromuscular blockade and nitrous oxide for high-risk patients, along with the abandonment of a policy of insisting the patient drink before discharge, appear to have contributed to the decline in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. With the availability of new antiserotonin drugs, the incidence of recurrent (intractable) emesis could be further decreased, particularly if combination therapy is used. The selective use of these costly drugs could have a major impact for surgical patients, particularly those undergoing more extensive ambulatory surgery procedures. It should be the aim of anesthesiologists to make nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period as unacceptable as uncontrolled pain.

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0952-7907    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID