ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is often assumed that salivary secretion reduces with age. About 25% of the elderly suffer from oral dry‐ness and related complaints. Nevertheless, data on stimulated salivary flow rate in healthy elderly revealed no significant age‐related decrease other than a slight decrease of the secretion from the (sero)mucous glands under conditions of minimal or extended stimulation. With regard to salivary gland morphology and composition of saliva, age‐related changes have been reported in healthy individuals, too. With increasing age, the number of acini reduces and the amount of fatty and fibrous tissue increases. Moreover, animal studies revealed that the synthesis of proteins is reduced by 60% in advanced years. These data indicate that changes might occur in concentration and/or activity of the organic components of saliva. In human studies, the concentration of slgA in labial saliva and the concentrations of high‐molecular and lowmolecular mucins in mucous saliva appeared to be reduced with age. Since slgA and mucins are important in the immunologic and non‐immunologic defense of the oral cavity, both defense systems are reduced in healthy elderly. Analysis of these data suggests that the oral soft tissues may become somewhat more susceptible to environmental factors due to a reduction of the immunological and non‐immune logical defe

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An exploratory study investigated the root caries incidence in Department of Veterans Affairs patients with exposed root surfaces. For a period of six to 30 months, the subjects were systematically assigned to groups which used chewable dragées or chewing gums that contained either xylitol or sorbitol as bulk sweeteners. The mean treatment time was 1.8 years (standard deviation = 0.8). The consumption levels of both polyols was up to 8.5 g daily, used typically in five episodes during a 16‐hour period. The subjects were examined every six months in connection with their standard scheduled visits at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The risk for a root‐surface lesion in the xylitol group was only 19% of that for a surface in the sorbitol group (relative risk, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.62; p<0,0065). Simultaneous study in periodontal patients showed that both polyols significantly reduced the gingival index scores, and slightly (but not significantly) reduced the plaque index scores. Collectively, both studies suggest that frequent daily consumption of chewable, saliva‐stimulating products containing essentially nonfermentable or slowly fermentable dietary carbohydrate sweeteners (xylitol and sorbitol) may have an oral‐health‐improving effect in Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center patients. It is necessary to evaluate if these procedures would be efficacious in larger and expanded pat

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine salivary flow rates and selected oral health parameters in 12 patients (aged 76–86 years) with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and also in 20 subjects (aged 76–86 years) with NlDDM and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and to compare them with 32 healthy controls matched for age and gender.Unstimulated salivary flow rates were lower in both groups of NlDDM patients than in the controls, although the differences were not statistically significant. Subjective oral dryness and other oral and non‐oral symptoms were more frequently reported by the patients with NIDDM+CVD; however, the differences were usually non‐significant. Root‐surface caries was more frequently detected in the subjects with NlDDM only, although the difference among groups was not statistically significant. Periodontal treatment need, according to CPlTN values, was more frequent in the subjects with NlDDM only, compared with controls or those with NIDDM+CVD, although the differences were again not statistically significant.There were no statistically significant differences in the oral health parameters of the subjects with NlDDM or NIDDM+CVD compared with those of their age‐ and sex‐matched

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The potential pathogenic role of mutans streptococci in the etiology of dental caries is well‐documented. Mutans streptococci are sensitive to chlorhexidine (CHX), and several methods for the clinical use of CHX have been described. An important target group for caries‐preventive measures is patients with impaired salivary secretion due to the use of therapeutic drugs such as psy‐chotropics. The aim of the present study was to compare two methods for antimicrobial treatment in such patients. Twenty‐four volunteering patients at a hospital clinic were randomly divided into three groups: Group A, in which each participant was treated with 1.0% CHX gel in gel trays on two consecutive days, followed by application of a fluoride varnish; Group 6, in which the patients were treated with the same CHX gel as above; and Group C, which was used as a control. After treatment, there was a reduction of mutans streptococci in the two groups treated with CHX. In group A, the sames collected one, three, and five weeks after the treatment were significantly lower than baseline values. No clearcut reduction of the number of mutans streptococci was observed in the subjects not treated with CHX. These data indicate that treatment with CHX gel in gel trays is superior to polishing the teeth with CHX gel. From a clinical point of view, our observations suggest that it is important to monitor the effect of antimicrobial treatment individually in order to optimize preventive programs in patients with impaired salivary se

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complaints of dry mouth and poor dental health are common in persons with narcolepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether salivary secretion is reduced in narcolepsy. Persons using tricyclic anti‐depressants (TCAs) were excluded, since TCAs are known to reduce salivary secretion. Thus, two patient subgroups were studied, one on central stimulant (CS) treatment (medicated group, n = 12), and one unrnedicated group (n = 8), representing all persons with narcolepsy living in the Oslo area meeting these criteria. The survey group and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control persons without symptoms of dry mouth were examined with respect to the following parameters: unstim‐ulated (UWS) and chewing‐stimulated (SWS) whole salivary flow rates, citric‐acid‐stimulated parotid and submandibular flow rates, buffering effect, and number of some aciduric micro‐organisms in the oral cavity.As a group, persons with narcolepsy had lower whole salivary flow rates, a lower buffering effect, and higherCandida albicansscores than the control group. When the patients were divided into the medicated and unmedicated groups, these differences were valid only for the medicated group. Whether the observed differences were effects of CS medication or reflected that these persons were more seriously affected by the disease has to be f

ISSN:0275-1879    

DOI:10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY