1. |
Research and Development at Hoesch Stahl AG, Dortmund |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 497-500
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500674
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Conventional chemical potentials of elements in dilute ferrous solution |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 501-506
Alejandro Hauck,
Ottmar Knacke,
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摘要:
Conventional thermochemical standard data are defined for dissolved elementsiin iron. The standard partial enthalpy and entropyandin ideal dilute solution are described as simple temperature functionsaiandbiare constants anddenotes the partial molar heat capacity, which may be considered constant within a certain temperature range. Fromandfurther functions are derived, e.g. the conventional standard chemical potentialand the modified Planck function βi. The constantsai,bi,are evaluated and compiled for α‐, γ, δ‐iron as well as for liquid iron, as far as experimental data are available. In addition to the standard data the first order interaction coefficients for elements dissolved in liquid iron at 1873 K have been revised and tabulated.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500675
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Modelluntersuchungen zum Zusammenhang zwischen Aufblasbedingungen und Spritzvolumen beim Sauerstoffblasverfahren |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 507-512
Klaus Loske,
Klaus W. Lange,
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摘要:
Die Untersuchung des Zerteilungsvorganges von Flüssigkeiten durch einen auftreffenden Gasstrahl für Modellsysteme des Sauerstoffaufblasverfahrens hat gezeigt, daß die Instabilität der Vertiefung als entscheidende Größe für das pro Zeiteinheit verspritzte Flüssigkeitsvolumen anzusehen ist. Durch Einsatz moderner digitaler Auswertemethoden zur Ermittlung der Vertiefungsabmessungen, auch als Funktion der Zeit, konnten Beziehungen zwischen den Aufblasbedingungen, dem Vertiefungsvolumen, der Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des Vertiefungsvolumens und der verspritzten Flüssigkeitsmenge abgeleitet werden. Auf Basis dieser Beziehungen wurde die Eindringtiefe des Gasstrahls in die Flüssigkeit als bestimmende Größe für das als Tropfen verspritzte Flüssigkeitsvolumen ermittelt. Das anhand der Modellsysteme ermittelte Spritzvolumen stimmt größenordnungsmäßig mit den für Betriebskonverter bekannten Werten überein. Die Ergebnisse machen auch verständlicher, warum in der Praxis Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Durchmischungsintensität des Konverterbades zusätzlich zum Aufblasen von oben angewendet werden.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500676
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Dimensional analysis of the vertical heterogeneous buoyant plume |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 513-518
Günter Ebneth,
Wolfgang Pluschkell,
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摘要:
Starting from known features of homogeneous jets, the appropriate equations for the plume radius, the axial velocity and the volumetric flow capacity of the heterogeneous plume are developed by introducing a dimensionless product group. The factors and exponents connected with this group are adjusted by linear regression of data measured on water models. The own measurements show that the plume slowly performs inclinations and rotations. The limits of application for the derived equations are determined quantitatively. Here, a sufficiently low value of the gas volume fraction is decisive. The slip velocity between the bubbles and the plume is discussed. Finally, the theory is extended to the gas stirring of liquid steel. In this case, the high pressure decrease for the rising bubbles has to be taken into account.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500677
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Langzeitversprödung von hitzebeständigem CrNi‐Stahlblech und ‐Schweißgut durch Sigma‐Phase |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 519-523
Bruno Walser,
Bruno Sonderegger,
Thomas Geiger,
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摘要:
Zur Beurteilung der Versprödungsneigung des hitzebeständigen Stahles X 7CrNi2314 (AISI309) und von Schweißgut (X 12 CrNi25 21) AISI 310 für eine Betriebsbeanspruchung bei 630°C wurden Glühversuche bis zu 30 000h Dauer durchgeführt. Das austenitische Blechmaterial weist einen geringen Anteil an feinzeilig angeordnetem Ferrit auf (ca. 2 %), der sich im Verlauf der Glühbehandlung bei 630°C in Sigma‐Phase und Austenit umwandelt. Obwohl damit ein Absinken der Kerbschlagzähigkeit verbunden ist, darf nicht von einer eigentlichen Versprödung gesprochen werden. Die stark anisotrope Verteilung der Sigma‐Phase kann sich allerdings bei einer Beanspruchung quer zu den Zeilen ungünstig auswirken.Für die untersuchten vollaustenitischen Schweißgutproben ist kennzeichnend, daß dieRT‐Kerbschlagzähigkeit oberhalb 1 000 bis 3 000 h verstärkt abfällt. Die Ursache dieser Versprödung liegt in einer zunehmenden Ausscheidung von Sigma‐Phase entlang den Austenitkorngrenzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß zur Beurteilung der Versprödungsneigung in einem Temperaturbereich deutlich unterhalb der optimalen Sigma‐Bildungsbedingungen, Langzeitversuche mit mehr als 1000 h Glühdauer notwendig sind.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500678
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Information on research and development |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 523-524
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500679
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Resistivity of electrical sheets in high temperatures |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 525-529
Marian Soiński,
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摘要:
The paper presents changes in electric resistivity ϱ, dependent on the temperatureTfor oriented and non‐oriented electrical sheets. The analysis of temperature changes on the temperature coefficient of resistivity α was performed for different sheet grades. Various methods were used to mathematically describe empirical data obtained. The influence of non‐metallic inclusions and crystallographic dislocations on the resistivity value was detected. For the sheets under examination, the values of residual resistivities ϱr(at 4.2 K) and ideal resistivities(at 400 K) were provided.It was suggested that apart from the value of the temperature coefficient of resistivity α, the value of residual resistivity ϱ, be used to classify sheets of different chemical constitution. This seems to be of particular significance for better material characteristics on view of newly designed electric machines adapted to operate in ever higher temperatures.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500680
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
1984 Research Contracts |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 529-530
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500681
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
The limiting expansion ratio of real materials |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 531-536
Josef Reissner,
Heinrich Weigl,
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摘要:
The production of the precut hole was by drilling, turning and finishing. Subsequently, the edges of the hole were polished in order to prevent, as far as possible, any hardening of the edges and also to produce an idealised surface.This procedure is necessary since the effect of the surface quality of the hole edge on the expansion ratio is greater than that of the material itself.The present work shows a possibility of making available the improved results of modern measuring techniques in sheet metal forming for analytical processing as well. By means of numerical balancing calculations, the yield locus and stress‐strain curve are described with the help of polynomial representations and put into an energetic stability criterion.The limiting strains during plunging were calculated using a SWIFT material as an example.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500682
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
Metallography of telluride on free cutting steel |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 56,
Issue 10,
2016,
Page 537-542
Li Daizhong,
Gao Shuqin,
Zhang Liefu,
Wang Zeyu,
Dong Xinquen,
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摘要:
The results of investigation and analysis of telluride and sulfides in free cutting steel containing tellurium and sulfur can be summerized as follows.No tellurium is found in steel matrix. All the tellurium exists in solid solution in manganese sulfide. The extra amount of tellurium in excess of the solubility in manganese sulfide exists as MnTe in steel. The tellurium content in manganese sulfide is 2.5 wt% on average, and the sulfur content in MnTe is about 3 wt %. In annealed steel, the content of iron solutionized in MnS (steel containing 1–2 % Mn) and in MnTe are both about 2 wt %. MnTe usually forms complex inclusions with MnS. The greater the Te/S, the higher the MnTe content in the complex inclusions. There is no single phase MnTe in steel with Te/S as high as 0.84. When steel is hot worked, MnTe deforms more easily than MnS.MnTe appears light grey in a bright field, and opaque in a dark field. In cast steel it is anisotropic and in forged steel it is isotropic under polarized light. In cold drawn steel, most of the MnS is anisotropic and remained so after annealing at 1100°C. If Te/S in steel is too high, the MnTe formed is prone to stretch in the working direction during press work. Hence, in so far as controlling the shape of the sulfide with the aid of tellurium is concerned, a Te/S of about 0.1 is appropriate. When the MnTe and MnS in steel are separated electrolytely in the four different solutions used in this work, the equilibrium potential of MnS is relatively positive, and that of MnTe is relatively negative in comparison with iron. When an organic solution (No. 3) is used, the MnS in steel can be almost completely and MnTe partly separated.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.198500683
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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