1. |
Preface |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 529-529
Peter Neumann,
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100446
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
The basic concepts of texture investigation in polycrystalline materials |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 530-541
Hans‐Joachim Bunge,
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摘要:
Polycrystalline materials consist of grains which may have different sizes, shapes and arrangements to be observed under the microscope as well as different crystal orientations observed by diffraction methods. The orientation parameters of the crystallites are subsumed under the term texture. The main textural quantities are the orientation distribution function ODF of the crystallites and the misorientation distribution function MODF of grain‐ and phase boundaries. Textures are being formed in materials by all kinds of anisotropic solid state processes and they have influence on all kinds of anisotropic material properties. Textures can be measured grain‐by‐grain or using polycrystal diffraction methods. The appropriate radiations are X‐rays, electrons and neutrons.Finally, some examples are given concerning martensitic transformation in FeNi‐alloys, shape memory alloys, cross‐rolling of Armco‐iron, biaxially stretched polyethylene, and HTcsuperconductors.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100447
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Texture analysis by electron diffraction |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 542-547
Robert A. Schwarzer,
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摘要:
Electron diffraction methods for the determination of individual grain orientations and selected area diffraction (SAD) pole figures are briefly reviewed. The standard techniques of orientation determination grain‐by‐grain are the interpretation of selected‐area electron spot and microbeam Kikuchi diffraction patterns with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Electron‐transparent thin samples are required. Specimen areas smaller than 500 nm or 10 nm in diameter, respectively, can be studied. Alternatively, selected area pole figures can be measured on a TEM. This technique is similar to the conventional transmission x‐ray method. The orientations of grains in a bulk sample are obtained with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) from back‐reflection Kikuchi patterns (i.e. electron backscattering patterns) or from channelling patterns. Spatial resolution is approximately 1 μn or 5 μm, respectively.Individual grain orientation and pole figure measurements can be performed on‐line by interfacing the electron microscope with a computer. Outstanding advantages of texture measurement by electron microscopy over x‐ray and neutron diffraction are the ability to image the microstructure of the sampled area which complements texture measurement, and the high spatial resolution in diffraction and imaging modes. Experimental results of individual grain orientation measurement may be represented by inverse pole figures, orientation distribution functions, and misorientation distribution functions.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100448
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Modelling deformation texture formation by orientation flow fields |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 548-559
Helmut Klein,
Hans‐Joachim Bunge,
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摘要:
Model calculations of the development of straight and cross‐rolling textures were carried out. The texture is represented in terms of a series of expansions. The changes of the texture coefficients by a small deformation step can be expressed in terms of the coefficients themselves multiplied by a texture change matrix [α].Integration over the deformation degree η from any starting texture thus gives the deformation texture formation. In the present calculations, the fully constrained Taylor model was used (but other models can equally well be chosen). This model has no unique solutions for most orientations, i.e. it allows several different orientation changes for the same starting orientation. It was shown that this effect is essential in order to obtain model textures which do not only agree in type but also in magnitude with experimental textures.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100449
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Graphical representations of orientations and ODFs by Rodrigues vectors |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 560-566
Peter Neumann,
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摘要:
The most commonly used representation of orientations in the space of the Euler angles has two serious deficiencies: 1) The invariant volume element has a singularity at ϕ = 0.2) In the case of cubic symmetry the common representation has a threefold ambiguity. Both disadvantages can be avoided by using the representation by Rodrigues vectors which is the geodesic projection of the quaternion representation and is characterized by mathematical simplicity. Especially, all symmetry induced subspaces are bounded by piecewise plane surfaces, and all fibre textures are represented by straight lines. With the help of examples it is demonstrated that the graphical appearance of real textures is simpler in the Rodrigues representation.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100450
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Rolling and recrystallization textures of bcc steels |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 567-575
Martin Hölscher,
Dierk Raabe,
Kurt Lücke,
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摘要:
The rolling and recrystallization texture development of bcc steels is discussed for three examples belonging to three different types of steels, namely deep drawing steels (e.g. low carbon steel), ferritic stainless steels (e.g. Fe16%Cr) and electrical steels (e.g. Fe3%Si).
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100451
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Influence of hot‐rolling conditions on texture development in deep‐drawing steels |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 576-579
Cornelia Därmann‐Nowak,
Bernhard Engl,
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摘要:
As the textures of deep‐drawing sheet steels are important for certain material properties the purpose of this paper was to take a closer look at the hot‐rolling, cold‐rolling and annealing textures of different deep‐drawing steel grades. Several Al‐killed mild steels and vacuum‐degassed Ti‐IF steels have been hot rolled in the mill varying the finishing temperature (FT). After coiling, cold rolling and short‐time annealing the textures at different thickness levels have been measured by means of (110)‐pole figures and orientation distribution functions (ODFs).For both steel groups the textures at the surface of the hot strip exhibit a more or less pronounced shear type character. Towards the mid‐thickness level (with lower FT more clearly) typical (cold‐) rolling textures exist characterized by a strong {001}orientation and in the Ti‐IF steels additionally by a significant {112}orientation density. In the case of high FT cold rolling and annealing lead to favourable {111}‐textures where deep‐drawing application is concerned. For the Al‐killed steels lowering FT results in diffuse recrystallization textures whereas in the Ti‐IF steels a sharp texture with near {223}orientations can be observed which have not been known for these steels before. The results prove that the hot strip textures can be of great importance for the resulting annealing textures and the according material properties.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100452
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Textures in steel sheets |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 580-586
Wolfgang Bleck,
Rolf Großterlinden,
Ulrich Lotter,
Carl‐Peter Reip,
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摘要:
Steel sheets frequently exhibit pronounced textures influencing the product properties by causing anisotropies. In the present paper a survey is given of the typical textures in steel sheets in the final and also in the intermediate stages of the manufacturing process. In order to quantify and characterize textures the method of ODF is used, which also allows a simple representation of the main texture features by plotting the pole density along texture fibres. For hot‐rolled strip the textures of mild unalloyed and high‐strength microalloyed steels are considered for different finish‐rolling temperatures including rolling in the γ/α dual phase region. Besides the textures in the middle‐section the surface textures are also dealt with. The cold‐rolling texture is investigated with regard to the influence of hot‐band texture and grain size for unalloyed mild deep‐drawing grades and IF‐steels. The recrystallization texture of different deep‐drawing qualities is presented together with results of the influence of N‐fixation on the texture determined r‐values.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100453
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Automatic measuring system for textures with sample change by means of a robot arm |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 587-590
Rolf Großterlinden,
Ulrich Lotter,
Christian Thoma,
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PDF (446KB)
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摘要:
The existing texture measuring device of the research department of Thyssen Stahl AG has been retrofitted and automated to make it possible that ODF analyses may be used more comprehensively in steel development, despite the high efforts required for measuring and evaluation. Now it is possible to automatically measure series of up to 10 samples. All measuring processes are controlled by step motors by a computer, which also collects the measured data. Samples are changed by a robot arm, which replaces the measured sample by a new one taken from a special sample magazine. Both the evaluation and the output of data and graphics are also performed by series and automatically on a second computer. Because of the new investigation device, up to 12 ODF measurements per day are possible, while the costs are reduced to one fifth of the former level.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100454
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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