1. |
Activity coefficient of bismuth and lead in carbon saturated iron |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 35-38
Fumitaka Tsukihashi,
Atsushi Suzuki,
Nobuo Sano,
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摘要:
In connection with the removal of tramp elements from molten iron and steel, the activity coefficients of bismuth and lead in carbon saturated iron were determined between 1443 and 1773K and between 1473 and 1923K, respectively, by measuring the solubility of those elements in carbon saturated iron. The following activity coefficients were calculated:The possibility of the removal of bismuth and lead from molten carbon saturated iron by using a CaO‐CaF2flux is discussed. Thermodynamically, bismuth can be easily removed from carbon saturated iron using the CaO‐CaF2flux. Lead cannot be removed by this flux but it easily evaporates from molten iron.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605455
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Numerical results achieved with an inverse computational method for determining the constitutive parameters using the hot torsion test results |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 39-43
Shahin Khoddam,
Yee Cheong Lam,
Peter Fredric Thomson,
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摘要:
It was demonstrated in a previous paper that to obtain a unique set of parameters for a constitutive relationship from the hot torsion test, two separate objective or error functions must be considered. They are based on the load‐displacement and load‐displacement rate data respectively. The algorithm described earlier, has been implemented in a rigid viscoplastic FE code. The best set of the constitutive parameters that minimizes the objective functions is determined by using an optimization scheme. To demonstrate the predictive capabilities of the analytical approximation described in the previous part and to simulate the problem of identification of material parameters, a set of pseudo‐experimental load‐displacement/displacement rate data has been used for calculating the objective functions. The results confirm the inadequacy of using only the load‐displacement results for the identification of the constitutive parameters from the hot torsion results. This is in agreement with the theoretical results in the previous paper. It is shown subsequently that the newly proposed inverse computational method can be used successfully to determine a unique set of the constitutive parameters.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605456
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Effects of interface resistance on heat transfer in steel cold rolling |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 44-51
Ampere A. Tseng,
Shi R. Wang,
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摘要:
The thermal contact resistance created in the bite region during rolling depends on surface roughness, contact pressure, and the coolant, lubricant or oxide scale between the roll and strip. Therefore, to estimate temperatures of the roll and the strip accurately, the interface resistance in the contact region should be considered when modelling. The purpose of this study is to more effectively analyze the thermal behaviour of the steel rolling process by considering the interface resistance of the roll and strip in the contact region. Since the interface is very thin in comparison with its length, it is modelled as one‐dimensional heat transfer with friction heat generated along the interface. For the estimation of the thermal contact resistance, different surface situations of cold rolling are considered. The finite element method is adopted to evaluate the deformation and friction power dissipated in the rolls and strip during rolling process. Roll and strip thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity and specific heat, are considered to be temperature dependent during the calculation.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605457
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Measurement and calculation of residual stresses after die forging |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 52-58
Eckart Doege,
Hans Paul Hougardy,
Andreas Lübbe,
Erhard Schultchen,
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摘要:
For die forgings, fabricated from steels Ck 45, 42 CrMo 4 and 38 MnSiV S 6 3,TTTandCCTdiagrams were determined, and after different heat treatments, measurements of mechanical properties, fatigue strength and residual stresses were carried out. The diameter of the specimens after the forging process was 32 and 45mm. The residual stresses after quenching between −450 and +160N/mm2could be reduced to about 60N/mm2by tempering up to 620°C. The fatigue strength in the range of 300N/mm2depends more on the strength than on the residual stresses. Calculations with the program Antras‐Thepla correlate well with the measured microstructures and residual stresses. This shows that the materials and processing data used for the calculation are conform to real processes.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605458
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
A comparative study of artificial neural networks for the prediction of constitutive behaviour of HSLA and carbon steels |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 59-66
Yhu‐Jen Hwu,
Yeong‐Tsuen Pan,
John G. Lenard,
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摘要:
Backpropagation neural networks are utilized to store and predict the flow stresses of several steels. A convergence algorithm using a varying learning factor is developed which is shown to save one sixth of the learning time when compared with the algorithm in which a constant learning factor is utilized. A performance test shows that the well‐trained neural network can interpolate flow stresses very well if the information for interpolation is sufficient in the training pairs. The capability of the network to extrapolate is found not to be impressive. The neural network can handle several groups of data during adaptive learning simultaneously without losing accuracy. The time needed for adaptive learning to reach a reasonable level of accuracy is short. Comparing the predicted results to other models, the output of neural network is shown to have the highest accuracy.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605459
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Solubility of (MnxFe1‐x)S in a 3% Si steel within the temperature range 1100 to 1300°C |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 67,
Issue 2,
2016,
Page 67-72
Franc Vodopivec,
Blazenko Korousic,
Marko Lovrecic,
Matjaz Torkar,
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摘要:
By EPMA point counting the contents of sulphur and manganese in solid solution were determined after annealing in a temperature range of 1100 to 1300°C and quenching in three 3% Si steels with 0.055 to 0.38% Mn. The established solubility products are not equal and differ from published data.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199605460
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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