1. |
Simulation of thermochemical and thermomechanical load in blast furnace hearth |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 535-541
Heinrich Wilhelm Gudenau,
Michael Scheiwe,
Reiner Sieger,
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摘要:
All investigations made in the course of the present inquiry aimed at developing proposals for the optimisation of blast furnace bottom and hearth refractories by means of experimental tests. Furthermore, the tests are intended to develop new solutions for prolongation campaign life of blast furnace linings by applying the finite‐element method. In the model calculations, particularly those bricks having a high thermal conductivity, showed high resistance to crack and spall formation. In comparison to standard or microporous grades, graphite containing carbon blocks lower the risk of tensile cracks. By additionally doping graphite containing grades with aluminium oxide and silicon, high resistance against pig iron dissolution and infiltration can be reached. Metallurgical coke content proved disadvantageous in the brick, because due to its high porosity the content can be infiltrated additionally into the porous binding matrix. Reduced flow in the brickwork and, thus, reduced convective heat transfer lead to reduced tensile levels in the brickwork. By adapting the pool depth and tap hole length, particularly the linings in the bottom and tap hole area will be relieved thermically. In addition to the required stability of coke particle size and its large particle diameter to ensure an equally distributed pig iron flow through the dead man, the dead man should also have good carburization capacities. When comparing the dissolving inclination by temperature reduction at the internal hearth wall side to the doping influence, it becomes clear that wear can be reduced much more efficiently by adding aluminium oxide than by increasing cooling measures.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301568
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
A model of post‐combustion in iron‐bath reactors, part 3: theoretical basis for post‐combustion with pre‐heated air |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 542-548
Liuyi Zhang,
Franz Oeters,
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摘要:
This paper describes the post‐combustion of carbon monoxide with pre‐heated air, heat transfer from gas to melt via a mixture of metal and slag droplets, the microkinetics of reoxidation of metal droplets in the gas consisting of CO2, CO and N2, and the total heat and mass balance in the gas space and in the iron‐bath. The computer program presented here Is flexible and can simulate various process modes of iron‐bath reactors. The production rate of the reactor and the carbon consumption can be calculated herewith.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301569
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Evolution of the microstructure in the hot rolling process |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 549-556
Maciej Pietrzyk,
Zbigniew Kedzierski,
Halina Kusiak,
Wieslaw Madej,
John G. Lenard,
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摘要:
A thermomechanical finite‐element model of flat rolling is coupled with closed form equations describing the process of recrystallization and is applied to study hot rolling of low carbon steel strips. Formulae for the recrystallized grain diameters, developed by various authors, are considered. Calculated diameters of the grains are compared with the results of the measurements carried out after experimental hot rolling of the carbon steel samples. Evaluating the accuracy of the calculations, using each of the expressions for the diameter of the recrystallized austenite grains, indicates that the relation of Roberts is closest to the measurements.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301570
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Physical modelling of edge rolling in plate mill with plasticine |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 557-563
Young‐Hoon Moon,
Myung‐Sik Chun,
Joon‐Jeong Yi,
Jong‐Keun Kim,
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摘要:
In the plate mill edge rolling is often used to increase yields by reducing defective end shapes. In this study, the effect of process variables in edge rolling on the plane view pattern of the plate was examined by a physical modelling technique with plasticine model material. The prime consideration was given to obtain information on the shape defects of plate such as overlap, width shortage, crop length, bulging and buckling with respect to process variables which is difficult to check in detail on the shop floor. The result provided valuable information on optimal edge rolling process in spite of some limitation in physical similarity between plasticine and hot steel.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301571
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Electrochemical polarization and passive film of a cryogenic and non‐magnetic steel in aqueous solution |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 564-569
Yansheng Zhang,
Xuemei Zhu,
Shuhui Zhong,
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摘要:
The corrosion behaviour of the austenitic steel Fe‐23Mn‐4Al‐5Cr‐0.3C in different aqueous solutions of pH‐0.8 to 15.3 and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr have been investigated by electrochemical measurements and AES/XPS analysis. The corrosion behaviour of Fe‐Mn base steel have been compared with those of mild steel, cryogenic 9 % Ni steel, stainless steels 1Cr13 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti. The addition of manganese to mild steel is very detrimental to the corrosion resistance. Fe‐25Mn steel passivates with difficulty even in such neutral aqueous electrolytes as 1 M Na2SO4solution. The addition of 5 % aluminum to Fe‐25Mn steel confers passivity to the steel in neutral or oxidizing, chloride‐free solution. The addition of 5 % Cr to Fe‐Mn‐Al steel further improves resistance to corrosion. The passivity of Fe‐23.5Mn‐4Al‐5Cr‐0.3C steel in aqueous electrolytes tested is superior to that of 9 % Ni steel and approximate to that of 1Cr13 stainless steel. The corrosion resistance is probably imparted by a thin barrier film of oxides. The outer part of the passive film formed on the surface of Fe‐23.5Mn‐4Al‐5Cr‐0.3C steel in 1 M Na2SO4solution is enriched in Al3+, Cr3+and Fe3+, and this means that the film is probably made up of a mixture of Al2O3, Cr2C3and Fe2O3.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301572
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Texture distributions imaged by energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 570-574
Robert A. Schwarzer,
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摘要:
An X‐ray scanning apparatus has been developed for the study of texture topography and element distributions on bulk sample surfaces. The set‐up consists of a white X‐ray source, a collimator system to produce a narrow primary beam, anx‐ysample stage with stepper motors, and an EDX detecting system. The apparatus is controlled by a microcomputer. The spectrum of secondary X‐rays is composed of broad diffraction peaks, sharp characteristic fluorescence lines, and a low background of scattered radiation. Peak separation and intensity measurement is performed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The density distributions of selected crystallographic directions or elements in the sample surface are acquired spot by spot, and represented by false‐colour images. Several texture distributions as well as element composition images can be obtained simultaneously. Local resolution is presently limited to 0.2 mm, due to the low intensity of a collimated primary X‐ray beam.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301573
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
News from the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 64,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 575-579
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199301574
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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