1. |
Thermodynamics of Mn–Ca–j and Mn–C–j system |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 481-487
Zhongting Ma,
Ruiming Ni,
Wu Cheng,
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摘要:
Solubility experiments of Ca and C in Mn melts with different contents of third elementsjat different temperatures were carried out in Mo‐wire‐heated furnace. With these data the first and second order activity interaction coefficients ofjupon Ca and C, based on the same activity and the same concentration method and also In γCa0and In γC0, were evaluated. The solubility of Ca and C in liquid Mn formulated in relation to temperature was determined and the standard free energy of solution of Ca and C in liquid Mn based on 1 wt.% solution standard was evaluated, respectively.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100435
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Thermodynamics of antimony and arsenic in BaO–BaF2melts |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 488-491
Yuichiro Ochifuji,
Hidetomo Kobayashi,
Fumitaka Tsukihashi,
Nobuo Sano,
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摘要:
Since the interest in removing tramp elements from steels is increasing, one of the authors has reported the thermodynamic behaviour of P, Sn, As, Sb, Bi, Pb and Cu in CaO–CaF2melts under strongly reducing conditions. In this investigation, the BaO–BaF2system, which is more basic than the CaO–CaF2system, was chosen as a flux and the thermodynamic behaviour of As and Sb in BaO–BaF2melts was studied at 1300°C under reducing conditions. The partition ratios of arsenic between Cu–As and BaO–BaF2melts and of antimony between Ag–Sb and BaO–BaF2melts were measured as functions of the flux composition and the partial pressure of oxygen. Both partition ratios increase with an increase in the BaO content of the flux and with a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen. The reactions for the removal of arsenic and antimony have been identified. The partition ratios of arsenic and antimony between carbon saturated iron and BaO–BaF2melts are estimated and the possibility of the removal of tramp elements from molten iron by using a BaO–BaF2flux is discussed.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100436
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Zur Strömungssimulation in gasgerührten metallurgischen Pfannen |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 492-495
Herbert Wilhelmi,
Eberhard Steinmetz,
Gereon Schlösser,
Ulrich Renz,
Bernd Hillemacher,
Frank Lange,
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摘要:
Zur Erfassung der Strömungsverhältnisse in Kaltmodellen bodengeblasener Stahlwerkspfannen wurden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Frühere Berechnungen laminarer Strömungen, die unter stark vereinfachenden Annahmen vorgenommen wurden, zeigen nur tendenzielle Übereinstimmungen zu den mit LDA‐Verfahren ermittelten Strömungsbildern. Durch die Entwicklung der Großrechneranlagen ist der Einsatz von Strömungssimulationsprogrammen möglich, mit denen auch turbulente Strömungen berechnet werden können. Der Vergleich der berechneten Geschwindigkeitsvektorfelder mit den gemessenen Vektorfeldern zeigt eine grundsätzlich übereinstimmende Darstellung der Strömungsverläufe. Jedoch werden die im Experiment an Wassermodellen beobachteten Gegenwirbel und Ablösungen der Abwärtsströmungen von der Gefäßwand rechnerisch nicht erfaßt. Nur die numerische Simulation für zähere Flüssigkeiten (Paraffinöl) zeigt eine von der Wand abgelöste Abwärtsströmung und die Ausbildung eines Gegenwirbels. Man kommt also nicht umhin, neben der mathematischen Modellierung auch praktische Versuche durchzuführen, wie man umgekehrt die physikalischen Modelle mit mathematischen begleiten sollte.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100437
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Study of fluid flow and residence‐time distribution in a continuous slab casting mould |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 496-500
Dharmendra Gupta,
S. Subramaniam,
A. K. Lahiri,
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摘要:
The fluid‐flow pattern and residence‐time distribution (r.t.d.) of the fluid in a continuous casting mould have been studied using a water model. The two recirculating zones below the discharge ports have been found to be asymmetric. The effect of casting speed, discharge port diameter, shroud well depth and the immersion depth on r.t.d. have been investigated. The r.t.d. curve has been well represented by a model of two backmix cells of equal volume in series. The exit of the fluid has been found to be non‐uniform across the cross‐section of the mould. The fluid‐flow pattern has been observed to change with time in a random fashion. Dead volume of upto 31.8% has been found with smaller discharge ports.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100438
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
ECSC announcements |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 500-500
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100439
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Laboratory simulation of the direct rolling of steel |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 501-506
Radko Kaspar,
Peter Flüß,
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摘要:
For the simulation of the casting process a special continuous‐casting simulator with the possibility of varying the cooling condition during solidification was designed and built. The specimen geometry is suitable for the subsequent plane‐strain hot‐compression test with the hot‐deformation simulator (Wumsi) for the simulation of hot rolling. By linking of both apparatuses a new design of a complete simulation of direct rolling or hot charging of steel has been developed for the range of initial thickness of plate‐shaped specimens from 60 down to 20 mm.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100440
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Fields of strains around the inclusion of second phase in a uniform matrix undergoing plastic deformation |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 507-511
Maciej Pietrzyk,
Jan Kusiak,
Halina Kusiak,
Franciszek Grosman,
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摘要:
This paper focuses on the problem of the evaluation of strains around the inclusions of various shapes and properties located in the uniform matrix undergoing large plastic deformations. The analysis is performed using the rigid‐plastic finite‐element approach. The uniform plane‐strain deformation field is simulated by an introduction of zero friction forces into the program for the compression process. An assumption that the die is wider than the sample allows to simulate ideally uniform flow of metal. Several shapes of the inclusions are investigated, but the results for three most common shapes of the particle's cross‐section are presented in the paper. They are: square with the sides parallel to the main directions, square with the sides inclined under an angle of 45° to the main directions and round.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100441
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Hydrogen trapping at spheroidized and elongated sulphidic inclusions‐matrix interfaces in mild steel |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 512-517
Su‐II Pyun,
Jeong‐Tae Kim,
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摘要:
The present work is concerned with those factors which determine the hydrogen trapping at the interfaces between spheroidized and elongated sulphidic inclusions, and matrix in mild steel by using gas‐phase charging and electrochemical detection techniques. Three kinds of specimens A, B and C were prepared from the calcium‐treated mild steel by water quench from 950°C, and from the ordinary mild steel by water quench from 950 and 1150°C, respectively. Specimen A was characterized by the interface between the spheroidized sulphidic inclusions and matrix, but the specimens B and C were characterized by the elongated sulphide‐matrix interface. The values of time‐lag decreased with increasing hydrogen input pressure for the specimens A, B and C. The results indicated that the defects produced at the interfaces act as saturable trap sites for hydrogen. The hydrogen trap density and binding energy were obtained from the plot of [(tT/tL)–1] vs.. The trap densities for the specimens A, B and C were found to be about 5.0 × 10−8, 2.1 × 10−7and 5.0 × 10−7mol cm−3, respectively. The trap‐binding energy was determined to be −(56.4 ± 1.1) kJ mol−1for the specimens A, B and C as well. The experimental results indicated that the nature of the interfaces is determined by the number of defects produced in the interfaces per unit volume, regardless of the inclusion shape. The defects distributed in the interfaces included namely microvoids and water‐quench‐created dislocations which act as deep trap sites for hydrogen.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100442
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Mechanical properties and microstructure of boron‐alloyed steel 19 MnB 4 |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 518-521
Hans‐Joachim Klaar,
Iris Raffeis,
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摘要:
Microalloying elements are useful to achieve maximum improvements of the mechanical properties in boron alloyed steels supposedly because they form precipitates with nitrogen and carbon to protect boron from precipitation. On the other hand, they are most useful for austenitic grain refinement and for the generation of the required minimum austenitic grain size (MAGS). A second heat treatment (700°C 9h/air) before quenching the Jominy samples is only efficient in a certain range of austenitic grain size. No increase of hardenability is observed above a certain plateau austenitic grain size (PAGS) for each steel group. A minimum austenitic grain size (MAGS) is required to achieve maximum strength. Boron can only improve the hardenability and tensile properties, if the austenitic grain size before martensitic transformation is optimal. Titanium appears to be the most effective element to prevent boron precipitation. The hardenability, yield and impact strength of the steel group B–AI–Ti is good, especially for sample 44.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100443
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
Einfluß von chemischer Zusammensetzung und Herstellungsbedingungen auf die Rißanfälligkeit Te‐Iegierter Automatenstähle |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 62,
Issue 11,
2016,
Page 522-527
Eugen Schmidtmann,
Martin Ebrecht,
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摘要:
Heißzugversuche und begleitende metallkundliche Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, um Festigkeit und Zähigkeit von Automatenstählen beim Stranggießen und Warmumformen in der 1. Hitze durch geeignete Versuchsführung im Labormaßstab zu bestimmen. Dabei galt es, den Einfluß des Legierungselementes Tellur in Gehalten von 0–0,047% festzulegen. Es zeigte sich eine starke Abhängigkeit der Festigkeit, der Zähigkeit und des Bruchverhaltens von dem durch die Versuchsführung gegebenen Gefügezustand, der Prüftemperatur und der Zerreißgeschwindigkeit.Im Heißzugversuch nach partiellem Aufschmelzen der Proben „in situ” zeigen alle untersuchten Stähle einen extrem starken Abfall der Brucheinschnürungswerte im Bereich des zweiten Zähigkeitsabfalls. Dieser wird auf eine Ausscheidung von z.T. flüssigen, sehwefelreichen Phasen, insbesondere auf den Austenitkorngrenzen, aufgrund abnehmender Schwefellöslichkeit und langsamer Mangandiffusion bei sinkender Temperatur zurückgeführt. Sensibilisierungsversuche im Temperaturgebiet der Warmumformung wurden an zuvor partiell aufgeschmolzenen Proben sowie an Proben im industriell erzeugten Gußzustand und im vorgewalzten Zustand der Stahlsorte 9 SMnPb 28 mit und ohne Tellur durchgeführt. Während die Festigkeitswerte keine Abhängigkeit vom Tellurgehalt zeigen, weisen sämtliche tellurlegierten Proben unterhalb von 1150°C deutlich niedrigere Brucheinschnürungswerte auf als die entsprechenden tellurfreien Varianten. Verantwortlich hierfür ist eine Flüssigmetallversprödung, die durch aufschmelzende Bleitelluride verursacht wird.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199100444
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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