1. |
Thermodynamics of nitrogen in CaO‐TiO2‐TiO1.5slags |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 515-520
Jun Tanabe,
Hideaki Suito,
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摘要:
The nitride capacitiesin CaO‐TiO2‐TiO1.5slags, and nitrogen distribution ratio between these slags and liquid Cu (LN= (mass‐% N)/[mass‐% N]) were measured by a gas‐slag‐metal equilibration technique, using a Mo crucible in the temperature range of 1823 to 1923 K under controlled partial pressures of oxygenand nitrogen. The values for, (mass‐% Ti3+)/(mass‐% Ti4+) ratio, and solubility of TiN in CaO‐TiO2‐TiO1.5slags were obtained as a function of slag composition (XCaO= 0.24 ∼ 0.39) and temperature. Activity coefficients of TiN were evaluated from the values for activity coefficients of Ti in liquid Cu which were calculated from the results of TiN saturation experiments.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201752
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Formation and effects of slag foaming in smelting reduction |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 521-525
Heinrich Wilhelm Gudenau,
Keng Wu,
Stefan Nys,
Heinz Rosenbaum,
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摘要:
Research was carried out on the foaming phenomenon in the bath of the smelting reduction process with a hydrodynamic model and with high‐temperature experiments. There are two mechanisms of slag foaming: when foam is generated by injected gas, the height of the slag foaming can be regulated. Contrarily, the production of gas during the reduction of iron oxides causes slag foaming which can hardly be controlled. High temperature as well as low slag basicity reduce the foam stability. In smelting reduction a large slag volume is expected. A rinse‐spot in the slag layer, which can prevent slag foaming, disappears under these conditions. Wall‐effects play an important role for the foam stability.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201753
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Wetting conditions and microstructural characteristics of a fired B4C‐containing MgO carbon brick |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 526-530
Tadeusz Rymon‐Lipinski,
Ralf Fichtner,
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摘要:
This investigation is a continuation of the studies of the use of boron carbide as an antioxidant in refractory carbon‐containing materials. The previous studies were concerned with the stability of boron carbide at high temperatures. The present work gives an account of the wetting conditions and microstructural characteristics of a fired MgO‐C brick containing boron carbide additive. The results obtained show that a contribution may be made to the oxidation‐inhibiting protective action of the carbide by the formation of a continuous network of dense bridges of borate melts between periclase grains. A white layer with a high percentage of magnesium borate is produced between the decarbonized and non‐decarbonized material. The nature of this layer is similar to that from secondary MgO in MgO‐C bricks with no additive. The occurrence of this layer is the subject of further research.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201754
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
News from the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 530-530
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201755
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Linear contact algorithm for rigid‐plastic finite element simulation |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 531-536
Ahmet Erman Tekkaya,
Abdullah Şen,
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摘要:
The rigid‐plastic finite element analysis of metal forming processes is known to be much more efficient and stable than the elastic‐plastic one. This efficiency results from the absence of kinematical nonlinearities in the formulation. Contact algorithms used in rigid‐plastic models must agree with this fact, otherwise the efficiency can be damaged seriously.The aim of this paper is to present a linear contact algorithm designed specially for rigid‐plastic analysis of metal forming problems. The linearization is achieved by dictating constancy of boundary conditions during one increment according to the requirement of the variational principle by Markov. The algorithm consists of two parts: the contact search and the contact control. The procedure has been implemented for two‐dimensional cases. However, the generalization to three dimensions is straightforward.The efficiency and the stability of the proposed procedure has been validated by means of examples of application such as extrusion and forging. Furthermore, parametric studies of the contact variables have been performed.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201756
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Bruchzähigkeit niedriglegierter Stähle mit heterogenen Martensitgefügen |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 537-544
Ivo Dlouhý,
Julian A. Garasim,
Jiří Škarek,
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摘要:
Für niedriglegierte MnSiCrMoV Versuchsstähle mit drei verschiedenen Kohlenstoffgehalten wurde der Einfluß der heterogenen Martensitgefüge, die durch Schnellaustenitisierung des ferritisch‐carbidischen bzw. martensitischen Ausgangsgefüges und anschließendes Abschrecken und Anlassen erzeugt wurden, auf die mechanische Eigenschaften untersucht. Verglichen mit homogenem Martensit ist die Bruchzähigkeit bei martensitischem Gefüge mit geringem C‐Gehalt, das Reste ungelöster Carbide bei allen untersuchten Stählen aufweist, ohne größeren Festigkeitsverlust angestiegen. Im Versuchsstahl mit 0,3 % C führt das martensitische Gefüge, das Mikrobereiche mit erhöhtem Anteil an Carbidbildnern enthält, zu einer gleichzeitigen Erhöhung von Festigkeit und Bruchzähigkeit. Das erblich modifizierte Martensitgefüge weist deutlich höhere Festigkeiten – um etwa 150 MPa – auf, ohne daß die Bruchzähigkeit beeinträchtigt wird. Gleichzeitig wird die Übergangstemperatur um etwa 50°C erniedrigt.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201757
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
The effect of loading rate on the strength and toughness of fine‐grained structural steels |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 545-553
Karl Kussmaul,
Thomas Dernier,
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摘要:
The effect of loading rate on the strength and deformation characteristics of tensile tested smoothed round bar specimens and on linear‐elastic and elastic‐plastic fracture toughness values was investigated. Test materials were a high toughness melt of the fine‐grained structural steel 20 MnMoNi 5 5 and two model materials of reduced toughness. The strain rate was varied between ∊̇ = 10−3and 103s−1in the tensile tests, the loading rate betweenK̇= 1 and 2 · 106MPam1/2s−1in the fracture toughness tests. The true‐stress true‐strain curve is shifted to higher stresses with increasing strain rate. A reduction of the deformation characteristics was only observed in cases of extremely reduced toughness. However, no brittle fracture at nominal stresses below yield was found in the tensile tests with smoothed specimens. Contrary to that all fracture mechanics tests showed a reduction of the crack initiation toughness with increasing loading rateK̇.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201758
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
News from the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 553-553
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201759
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Investigations of the influence of titanium addition to the base material on toughness properties of the HAZ |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 554-557
Herwart Görss,
Herbert Krebs,
Winfried Dahl,
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摘要:
Without taking precautions on the material side the application of fully mechanized welding techniques with high heat inputs into the base metal can lead to undesirable grain growth and unfavourable toughness values in the HAZ. The aim of the investigations of four fine grained steels (FeE 355) with varied contents of titanium and nitrogen and one steel without titanium addition was to study different states of precipitation in the steels, the change after a welding simulation treatment and the comparison with real weldments. The results have shown that in titanium microalloyed steels the increase of the austenitic grain size is clearly lower than in steels without titanium addition. They keep their favourable toughness properties even after welding processes with high heat inputs. The toughness values of the SA weldings are higher than the values of the simulated specimens.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201760
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
News from the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 63,
Issue 12,
2016,
Page 558-562
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199201761
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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