1. |
Control of the manganese‐oxygen reaction in pure iron melts |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 87-92
Stefan Dimitrov,
Axel Weyl,
Dieter Janke,
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摘要:
EMF sensor measurements using ZrO2(CaO) or ThO2(Y2O3) plug‐type sensors with a Cr‐Cr2O3reference were performed to redetermine the Mn‐O equilibrium reaction. In these experiments a strong effect of deoxidation of manganese was ascertained at saturation with solid deoxidation products. The measuring interval of the sensors at MnO saturation was limited to about 12 min due to chemical corrosion of the used Al2O3sheaths. In the case of double saturation with solid MnO · Al2O3(MA) and Al2O3(A) the sensors could be used as long as desirable. Moreover, the combined deoxidation of the iron melt with Mn and Al was investigated. An auxiliary electrode at the tip of the sensor ensured rapid saturation of the iron melt with solid MnO or MnO · Al2O3+ Al2O3.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501092
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
On the hot metal desulfurization |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 93-95
Enver Oktay,
Richard J. Fruehan,
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摘要:
Although there is no thermodynamic limitation to the desulfurization of carbon‐saturated iron with CaO, the process is well‐known to be slow. Consequently, the desulfurization of carbon‐saturated Fe‐S, Fe‐S‐Si, Fe‐S‐Si‐Al, Fe‐S‐Zr alloys by CaO, and Fe‐S‐Si alloys by CaO‐10 % CaF2were investigated to determine the reaction mechanism. For this purpose, dense CaO and CaO‐10 % CaF2discs were cemented to the bottoms of graphite crucibles containing the carbon saturated alloys. The desulfurization experiments were run at 1450°C in an SiC resistance furnace under argon gas atmosphere. The results indicate that the desulfurization of hot metal by CaO is greatly improved by prior addition of aluminum to the hot metal. The addition of 10 % CaF2to CaO also increases the rate of desulfurization. Zirconium, which has a stronger affinity for oxygen than aluminum did not increase the rate. SEM and X‐ray diffraction studies on the surfaces of CaO discs used to desulfurize carbon‐saturated Fe‐S, and Fe‐S‐Si alloys showed that solid CaS, and solid CaS plus small amount of solid 2 CaO · SiO2compounds form on the lime surface, respectively. The slow reaction rate with CaO is attributed to the solid reaction products which block the reaction by preventing the occurrence of interfacial turbulence.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501093
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Phosphorus equilibrium between BaO‐BaF2‐MnO fluxes and ferro‐manganese melts |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 96-102
Xiaoya Liu,
Olle Wijk,
Roger Selin,
John Olof Edström,
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摘要:
The equilibrium distribution ratio of phosphorus between BaO‐BaF2‐MnO slags and Mn(62–73%)‐Fe‐Csat‐P melts has been determined for different slag compositions, oxygen partial pressures and at 1573–1673 K. The results showed that with a certain content of BaO in the slags, the phosphorus distribution ratio increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure up to about 10−17atm. A high oxygen partial pressure resulted in a substantial oxidation of manganese from metal to slag. The phosphate capacity of BaO‐BaF2‐MnO slags increased with the BaO content and decreased with the MnO content in the investigated slag composition range. A high temperature resulted in a low phosphorus distribution ratio. For a BaO(50%)‐BaF2(47%)‐MnO(3%) slag, the effect of temperature on the phosphate capacity in the range of 1573–1673 K could be expressed as:(1)The heat of reaction:(2)was estimated to be −1107 kJ/mole.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501094
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Study on phosphate and sulphide capacities of CaO‐CaCl2slags |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 103-109
Yindong Yang,
Alex McLean,
Iain D. Sommerville,
Alan R. McKague,
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摘要:
Experiments were carried out at 1175–1350°C to study the phosphate capacity of CaO‐CaCl2slags and the sulphide capacity was calculated according to the correlation between the two capacities. At 1200°C the logarithm of the phosphate capacity increased from 24.5 to 26.5 with increasing CaO mole fraction from 0 to 0.22 in the slags and it decreased with increasing temperature. Sulphide capacity increased both with increasing CaO mole fraction and temperature.A good linear correlation was found between slag carbonate capacity and phosphate capacity as well as sulphide capacity. Optical basicity was used to evaluate the property of the CaO‐CaCl2slag in the present study. The value of optical basicity of CaCl2is established as 0.63. The correlations of optical basicity with above mentioned three capacities were found to be linear.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501095
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Conference announcements |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 109-109
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501096
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Processing and editing of kinetic data of substances for the data and program base system Kindas |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 110-112
Hans Adolf Friedrichs,
Leonid Wladimirowitsch Ronkow,
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摘要:
On the basis of a Dbase system in the programming languages Fortran and Clipper, the data processing system Kindat has been created. With the aid of this system, approx. 120,000 kinetic data of substances have been compiled, approximated and annotated. These data are available to the metallurgical industry both in tabular form or as approximation formulae. Furthermore, the user can apply the Kindat system directly to solve metallurgical problems, or to process and manage own data.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501097
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Characterisation of technical surfaces by means of fractal geometry |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 113-116
Eckart Doege,
Benedikt Laackman,
Bernd Kischnick,
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摘要:
Common technical roughness parameters are not able to characterise technical surfaces clearly. Such parameters often have the same value on completely different surfaces. Only the specification of additional parameters may allow a statement about the surface character. Considering the Weierstraß‐Mandelbrot function a fractal model for the characterisation of surface profiles has been developed. One needs only two parameters to distinguish different surfaces. Thereby a surface profile is measured by means of a surface analyser. Then the fractal parameters will be determined from the data set of a measured profile. To find the suitable fractal description for a given surface the power spectra of the function and of the empirical data are used. Next the empirical power spectrum is interpreted as the power spectrum of a Weierstraß‐Mandelbrot fractal function with fractal parameters to be determined. Additionally this technique also allows the qualitative reconstruction of a previously measured profile.Series of measurements using the materials X4CrNi 18–10, St12O3 (DC01) and AIMg3 proved the model to be well applicable to sheet surfaces. The fractal parameters are more suitable to classify the surface character than the common technical roughness parameters. The next investigations will be carried out in order to verify the influence of parameters relevant for sheet metal forming (e. g. strain, contact pressure, drawing speed) on the fractal model. The whole work aims at the preparation of a law that describes the local influence of the surface character on the frictional behaviour of sheet metal forming processes. This will be prepared for the use in combination with the method of finite elements (FEM).
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501098
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Influence of post weld heat treatment on impact toughness properties of 1Cr0.5Mo and 2.25Cr1Mo steels |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 117-123
Jan Storesund,
Rolf Sandström,
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摘要:
The influence of post weld heat treatment on hardness and impact toughness properties of weldments of 1Cr0.5Mo and 2.25Cr1Mo steels has been investigated. Post weld heat treatment significantly reduced the hardness and the impact transition temperature and increased the upper shelf energy. The decrease in hardness was essentially larger for 2.25Cr1Mo than for the other steel, probably due to the presence of martensite in the as‐welded condition in the former material. The decrease in the impact transition temperature was largest for 1Cr0.5Mo.
ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501099
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
News from the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH |
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Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen,
Volume 66,
Issue 3,
2016,
Page 124-133
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ISSN:0003-8962
DOI:10.1002/srin.199501100
出版商:Wiley
年代:2016
数据来源: WILEY
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