摘要:

SummaryThe use of isonomic associations between the parents of spouses is described. Scottish marriage registers contain information on the natal surnames of all four parents of spouses and enable all the four possible types of isonymy between pairs of parents to be identified. Thus assumptions about the sex labelling of pedigrees may be tested and inbreeding coefficients calculated using either each type of isonymy singly or by pooling all types to give‘overall’coefficients. By this latter method the number of potential isonomous events is increased to four times the number of marriages.Assumptions about the randomness of migration with regard to sex may also be tested by comparing coefficients of relationship by isonymy calculated using either paternal or maternal natal surnames. Within populations the coefficients should be lower for the more migrant sex: between populations the reverse should be the case. Similarly the intergenerational‘fluxes’of surnames in parents of either sex may be compared as may be similar variation in surname frequencies.Two small Outer Hebridean islands, Scalpay and Berneray were used to test these assumptions. It was concluded that while the sex labelling of pedigrees appeared to be at random, there was considerable variation in the isonymy inbreeding coefficients and that because of the 4×greater amount of data,‘overall’coefficients are more reliable. In both islands there appeared to be a greater lability in migrational terms of the female population, although it was impracticable to examine all marriages involving residents of the two islands.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008381

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe growth status and yearly growth velocity for sitting height and leg length of mild-to-moderately undernourished Zapotec schoolchildren from Oaxaca, Mexico, are described and compared with well-nourished black and white North American boys and girls. Zapotec children between 6 and 13 years of age are significantly smaller than their North American counterparts. Differences in sitting height between the three samples are maintained throughout the age range; their yearly growth increments are comparable. Yearly growth velocity in leg length of the Zapotec children is lower, which increases variation in growth status with age. Age-specific relative leg length (leg length/stature) for the Zapotec sample is 1–5% smaller than well-nourished North American children. The results show that statural growth differences between Zapotec and North American school-children are accounted for by diminished growth rates of leg length.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008391

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe stability of physique determined by the anthroposcopic‘Atlas’technique and the anthropometric Heath-Carter method was examined in a sample of 210 healthy Belgian schoolboys studied longitudinally at yearly intervals from 13 to 18 years of age. The two rating systems were also compared. Results indicate that components of the same type in the two methods do not measure the same underlying factors, particularly for mesomorphy (anthroposcopic technique) and the second component (Heath-Carter method). The methods cannot be considered as equivalent. The stability analysis reveals that the‘athletic’component tends to be less stable than the other two components, especially in the anthroposcopic Sheldon technique. In general, however, the constancy of the three somatotype components is fairly high during the growth period considered.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008401

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThree minority ethnic groups from China, Mongolian, Koreans, and Zhuangs were studied for the genetic markers AK, ADA, Hp, and Pi. AK was monomorphic in Koreans and Zhuangs. Significant differences were observed in the Hp system between Mongolians and Zhuangs.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008411

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine recalled age at menarche from the National Child Development Survey of all children born in Britain in one week of 1958. All subjects were questioned at the same age (16 years); mean age at menarche was estimated as 13·3±0·02 years. The data deviate significantly from normality. Marked regional variation occurred but very little social class differentiation was apparent.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008421

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryIt is suggested that the observed difference in duration of pregnancy between Blacks and Whites is partly physiological since it is not entirely explained by social inequities alone. This study compares women with well-defined gestational periods seeking attention at the Antoine Béclère Maternity Clinic. Group A consists of French women of European ancestry, Group B, those born in the French Antilles of mixed ancestry, and Group C black African women with insignificant European admixture. When compared to Group A, within each socio-economic class, group B and C have shorter gestational periods. These differences persist after adjustment for socio-economic variables, so that other explanations should be considered, specifically genetic determinants.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008431

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFour population samples from Congo (Beti and Bateke from Cuvette area, Bateke and Babenga from‘Pool’area) were typed for the electrophoretic mutants of protease inhibitor (PI) and group-specific component (Gc), as part of a general survey on the genetic structure of these ethnic groups. An unusual PI mutant (tentatively called PIS*) had a singularly high frequency in the Bateke and the Babenga. Data shown here will help in ascertaining whether genetic differentiation could exist in Congolese populations.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008441

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryThe secretion of the ABH antigens in saliva was tested in indigenous individuals of several populations: Icelanders in Reykjavik and Husavik (northeastern Iceland),Åland Islanders, Finno-Ugrians (Finns, Finnish Lapps, Komi) and Eskimos (Augpilagtok, northwestern Greenland). The frequencies of ABH non-secretors among the Icelanders (28–36%) were among the highest ever noted in Europeans. AmongÅlanders and Swedes on the Finnish mainland the frequency (around 20%) was comparable to Swedish values but considerably higher than among Finns (13–14%). The values among northeastern Finns and Komi (about 9%) were intermediate between values among Lapps (below 5%) and Scandinavians (15–26%), excluding Icelanders (28–41%). The average frequency of non-secretors among Lapps in Finland (2.2±0.5%) was the lowest observed among white populations. Like many other arctic populations of the Mongolian race, the Greenland Eskimos had a very low frequency of non-secretors. It is probable that the non-secretor alleleABH*sewas absent from the ancient Lapps and Greenland Eskimos but introduced by invading populations. It is concluded that theABH*seallele frequencies vary much more among northern European populations than hitherto appreciated. Recent studies indicate that the non-secretor status of the ABH blood group substances in mucous body fluids is associated with pathological conditions of the mucous membranes of the embryologically related digestive and respiratory systems, particularly with duodenal ulcer and gastric (pre)malignancies but probably also with pulmonary dysfunction. In view of these disadvantages of the ABH non-secretor status the high frequency ofABH*sein Icelanders is a paradoxical phenomenon. The frequency of ABH non-secretors among the founders (Vikings) of Iceland may have been considerably higher than among the present populations in northwestern Europe. The increase in northwestern direction of theABH*seallele frequencies supports this hypothesis; the dilution effect has not been as strong in Iceland as on the European continent.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008451

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryFinger pattern frequencies for patients exhibiting various sex chromosome aneuploidies were obtained from literature sources. The sample consisted of 141 XO, 500 XX, 68 XXX, 9 XXXX, 500 XY, 93 XYY, 30 XXYY and 6 XXXXY. Pattern frequencies were converted to radial and ulnar loop frequencies, and these in turn were used to construct four variables: (1) pattern intensity; (2) radial-ulnar difference; (3) radial loop asymmetry; and (4) ulnar loop asymmetry. The relationship between the dermatoglyphic variables and sex chromosomes was examined by regressing the dermatoglyphic variables on to the number of X and Y chromosomes. Radial-ulnar difference and radial loop asymmetry showed the strongest relationship with the number of X and Y chromosomes. The X and Y chromosomes had about equal influence on radial-ulnar difference, but the Y had a stronger effect on radial loop asymmetry. It is postulated that sex chromosomes influence dermatoglyphic development by controlling tissue sensitivity to fetal sex steroids.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008461

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

SummaryBlood samples from autochthonous and unrelated persons were examined for acid phosphatase (ACP1) phenotypes. The subjects were 143 Spanish Basques, 118 people from León and 295 from Castile. The samples were typed using starch gels, with one surface coloured with phenolphthalein diphosphate (Na5salt) and the other surface revealed with 4-methylumbelliferyl-dihydrogenphosphate. The gene frequencies observed are compared with those obtained by other authors.

ISSN:0301-4460    

DOI:10.1080/03014468600008471

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor