摘要:

The association between blood pressure and a vegetarian diet was studied in relation to obesity, sex, age and lifestyle in 98 Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) lacto-ovo vegetarians, 82 SDA omnivores and 113 Mormon omnivores aged 25 to 44 years. Mean blood pressures adjusted for age, height and weight were significantly lower in SDA vegetarians than in Mormon omnivores (115.6/68.7 and 121.2/72.2, respectively, in males and 109.1/66.7 and 114.9/72.6, respectively, in females) and were not related to past or current use of alcohol, tobacco, tea and coffee, physical activity, personality or religious observance. Mean blood pressures in SDA omnivore males (121.7/71.7) were similar to those in Mormon males, while those in SDA omnivore females (109.9/67.4) were similar to SDA vegetarian females. Quetelet's Index in these subgroups demonstrated the same pattern as blood pressure and may reflect, in part, the high level of physical activity in female SDA omnivores. The prevalence of mild hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg systolic or ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic) was 10 and 8.5% in Mormon and SDA omnivores, respectively, compared with 1 to 2% in SDA vegetarians.Analysis of diet records showed that vegetarians ate significantly more dietary fibre, polyunsaturated fat, magnesium and potassium and significantly less total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than did Mormon omnivores. SDA omnivores had a dietary pattern which was less homogeneous, and which lay between those of the other groups. Which, if any, of these dietary differences were responsible for the blood pressure differences could not be determined in this study.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The lung is thought to be the major site for conversion of angiotensin l (AI) to angiotensin II (All), although a significant amount of AI conversion is also known to occur in the peripheral circulation. Reports suggest that pulmonary conversion of AI to All is more sensitive to inhibition by specific kininase II inhibitors than extrapulmonary conversion. This latter observation prompted us to seek for a dose of SQ20881 and/or captopril that would suppress the conversion of AI to All in the lung without affecting extrapulmonary conversion of AI and thereby peripheral pressor responses to intravenously administered AI. Experiments were performed on 15 pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. The All arterial-venous difference across the lung was measured during an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of AI which produced a steady-state rise in blood pressure of 20 mmHg. This protocol was repeated with the same dose of AI following three graded doses of either SQ20881, captopril or vehicle. Results showed that the systemic pressor response to AI cannot be dissociated from pulmonary AI conversion.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Blood pressure (BP) and daily sodium excretion were measured in 262 males aged 35–54 years from three separatedistricts of the Sogn county in Norway. Averages for mean arterial pressure and sodium excretion were 103.4 mmHg and 192.4 mmol/24 h respectively, which is similar to the excretion rates in most other Western societies. Interpopulation (between groups) analysis revealed statistically significant differences in sodium excretion and BP between the three districts, but no significant correlation was found between individual sodium excretion rates and the respective BPs (within group analysis). The mean urinary sodium/potassium ratio (Na/K) was significantly lower in the district with the lower BP level, but there was no statistically significant correlation between individual Na/K ratios and BP. The lack of significant correlation between sodium excretion and BP in the within group analysis as opposed to the between groups comparison could be due to large intra-individual variation of sodium excretion.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We have assessed the potential antihypertensive effect of a new slow channel blocker, nicardipine, in a group of patients with essential hypertension. Fourteen patients completed a study using the ‘Oxford’ system for recording blood pressure during free ambulation and physiological testing. An initial 24-h recording was performed on no treatment and repeated following chronic therapy with 40 mg b.d. of nicardipine. During each recording, the patients performed isometric and dynamic exercise according to a standardized protocol. Within-patient comparisons of consecutive mean hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressures showed a reduction throughout the 24 h during nicardipine therapy. The reduction in blood pressure was also maintained at the peaks of isometric and dynamic exercise. Side-effects were encountered frequently and led to four patient withdrawals. Nicardipine appears to be effective in reducing blood pressure although the frequency of encountered side-effects may limit its usefulness as a first-line antihypertensive agent.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The fall in blood pressure that is commonly observed when groups of hypertensive individuals are followed without treatment is usually ascribed to two sources: regression towards the mean and increasing familiarity of the subject with the assessment process. Any effect of the latter process could bias the results of controlled studies in which one group is more frequently assessed than the other, a common situation in community trials.To assess the effect of familiarity, we randomly allocated 116 untreated, mildly hypertensive subjects to three-monthly or yearly assessments. At an independent, blind, year end assessment, both groups showed statistically significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001 ) of 8.4 ± 1.2 (s.e.m.) and 7.6 ± 1.6 mmHg respectively, but the difference between the groups was not significant (P = 0.682). We conclude that ‘familiarity’ does not play an important role in the reduction of blood pressure in long-term follow-up studies of hypertensive subjects.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of intrarenal bolus injections of equal molar doses of angiotensin II and angiotensin III on renal blood flow were examined in seven pentobarbital anaesthetized dogs. Renal blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flow probe. Angiotensin II produced a greater decrease in renal blood flow than angiotensin III at all bolus doses tested when the integral of the renal blood flow response was examined. In 10 other dogs, we compared the molar dose of intrarenal constant infusions of angiotensin II and angiotensin III required to decrease total renal blood flow by approximately 25%. The effect these peptides had on the distribution of renal cortical blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres. In the constant infusion experiments, more moles of angiotensin III than angiotensin II were required to produce agiven decrease in renal blood flow in each experiment. The average percent decrease in blood flow to each of the four cortical zones produced by angiotensin II was not different from that produced by angiotensin III. Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II is more potent than angiotensin III as a vasoconstrictor in the renal vasculature.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 36 patients with normal renal function receiving hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol, lying diastolic blood pressure remained above 95 mmHg. In a double-blind trial, Step 3 therapy with 5–40 mg/day of minoxidil reduced blood pressure somewhat more effectively than 25–200 mg/day of hydralazine. The percentage of patients with lying diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg was 69 versus 35% at four weeks, and 55 versus 40% at 28 weeks. Transient falls in blood pressure within 4 h of any dose were greater with hydralazine which usually needed to be given in divided daily doses. Minoxidil caused tachycardia, and more adverse effects. Minoxidil is more effective, produces more consistent blood pressure control throughout the day, and may often be administered once daily.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID