摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate insulin sensitivity and the influence of level of physical fitness in men with a family history of hypertension and in control subjects.DesignInsulin sensitivity was determined and physical fitness estimated in 39 normotensive, glucose-tolerant men with a family history of hypertension (Relatives group) and in 29 age- and body mass index-matched normotensive men with no such family history (Controls group).MethodsThe euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique (steady-state insulin concentration approximately 100mU/I) was used to determine insulin sensitivity. Physical fitness, measured as maximal oxygen uptake, was estimated from the heart rate response to a submaximal exercise test.ResultsInsulin sensitivity index and estimated maximal oxygen uptake were lower in the Relatives than in the Controls. There was a positive correlation between insulin sensitivity and maximal oxygen uptake in both groups. In the Controls there was a negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and waist: hip ratio, but this relationship was not found in the Relatives.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that reduction of insulin sensitivity precedes the development of high blood pressure and may be coupled to low physical fitness. As abdominal fat distribution seems not to be related to insulin sensitivity in subjects with a family history of hypertension, changes in muscle fibre composition or muscle glucose metabolism, or both, might explain the lower insulin sensitivity and physical fitness in the Relatives.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo follow the changes in blood pressure and echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in offspring of mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy.DesignLongitudinal study with a 5-year follow-up.MethodsNineteen offspring of mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy, and sustained hypertension at follow-up 7–12 years after term, were examined, by blood pressure measurement and M-mode echocardiography, at a mean age of 12.8 years (range 10.6–16.4) and were re-examined 5.6 years later. For comparison, 17 children born to mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy, but were normotensive at follow-up, were also examined. A control group of children born following a normotensive pregnancy was also recruited. Comparisons were made by analysis of variance among the three groups.ResultsAt the initial examination systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the children born to mothers who had hypertension during pregnancy and were hypertensive at follow-up. This difference persisted in the adolescents at follow-up. No differences among the three groups in echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass were seen, either at the initial examination or at follow-up. There was a significant correlation between left ventricular masses determined 5 years apart (r=0.53,P<0.001).ConclusionsThe present longitudinal study demonstrates that offspring of mothers with hypertension during pregnancy, that was sustained at follow-up, have higher blood pressure than controls. Children with different maternal histories of hypertension maintain their rank with regard to left ventricular mass during adolescence.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of race on the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure.MethodsWe examined the blood pressure levels and 24-h urinary sodium excretion of 808 (355 Black, 453 Caucasian) union members who participated in a workplace hypertension control program. The 808 study subjects, who met the criterion for accuracy of urine collection, included 627 untreated hypertensives (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mmHg, or both) and 181 normotensives (blood pressure <160/95 mmHg).ResultsIn univariate analysis, the age-adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure levels of the Black subjects exceeded those of the Caucasian subjects at a significance level that was marginal for the male and very high for the female subjects. No differences were observed in mean systolic blood pressure between the Black and Caucasian subjects. Within each racial grouping, the subjects were grouped by sex-specific tertile of urinary sodium excretion in order to compare baseline characteristics and blood pressure levels. Small differences between the Black and Caucasian males in age-adjusted blood pressure within each urinary sodium excretion category were further diminished after adjusting for confounding factors. Significant differences between the Black and Caucasian females in age-adjusted diastolic blood pressure within each urinary sodium excretion group became non-significant when further adjusted for weight or body mass index, or both. These findings are in agreement with those observed in multiple linear regression models.ConclusionIn this socio-economically homogeneous group, when confounding factors are considered, Black and Caucasian subjects have similar blood pressure levels at the same level of 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Ethnicity itself was not found to influence the relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID