摘要:

This bibliography is produced in association withCurrent Opinion in Cardiology(Current Science Ltd, UK) and is compiled from over 150 journals (these are listed at the end of the bibliography in this issue). Each issue of theJournal of Hypertensionwill list papers relevant to hypertension, published over a one-month period. A cumulative bibliography, covering 12 months and arranged under subject headings, will appear in the first issue (January) each year. A complete, updated list of the journals scanned will be published at the same time as the cumulative bibliography.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The renin genes of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat were compared by Southern blotting using cDNA and oligonucleotide probes. A deletion of 650 base pairs was found in the first intron (intron A) of the SHR gene compared with the WKY gene. Our studies strongly suggest that this is due to a decrease in the number of copies of the tandemly repeated sequence present within intron A of the rat renin gene. In both SHR and WKY, this region of the gene was found to be different from that of the parent Wistar rat and those of other Wistar-based inbred strains. The functional significance of the abnormality and any role it may have in hypertension in the SHR remain to be determined.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serotonin (5HT) has been implicated in thromboembolic complications and blood pressure elevation and both may be reduced with the 5HT2-receptor blocker ketanserin. In 17 patients with essential hypertension (WHO I and II, diastolic pressure V ≥ 100 mmHg) blood pressure, platelet 5HT uptake, content and release as well as 5HT-induced shape change and aggregation were measured before and immediately after 8 weeks oral ketanserin at 20–40 mg twice daily. During ketanserin therapy, platelet 5HT release, shape change reaction and aggregation to 5HT were significantly reduced by more than 50%. These platelet effects were more pronounced in patients responsive to ketanserin (≥10% decrease of diastolic pretreatment pressure) and the fall in diastolic pressure correlated with the inhibition of 5HT-induced aggregation as well as the change in 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in platelet-rich plasma (PRP;P< 0.05). Serotonin-receptor-independent platelet events were not affected by ketanserin. Ketanserin corrects 5HT2-receptor-mediated platelet function along with the reduction of blood pressure.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reviews the diagnosis and treatment of 15 patients with malignant pheochromocytoma (MP) between 1958 and 1986 in Shanghai Rui-jin Hospital. The main clinical features consisted of sustained elevation of arterial blood pressure, obviously increased catecholamine secretion and a sustained positive phentolamine test. Out of 15 patients only seven survived, two of whom suffered from paraplegia due to metastatic cordai compression. Compared with some earlier results, the prognosis was unsatisfactory. There were several factors which may have been responsible: (1) late diagnosis; (2) incomplete operation, and (3) no regular post-operative assessment of urinary biochemical changes. Because MP is a tumour with a low degree of malignancy, noting the above three factors and using131I-MIBG to obtain accurate diagnosis and effective treatment enables a better prognosis of this disease.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension is associated with a decrease of coronary vascular reserve. We have previously shown that chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition prevents cardiac hypertrophy and improves coronary vascular reserve when the treatment is started before appearance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, the effects of starting chronic ACE inhibition when hypertension was already developed is not known. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic ACE inhibition on coronary vascular reserve and on the morphology of the coronary microvasculature when treatment was started after hypertension had developed. For this purpose, one group of SHR was treated from 3–8 months of age with cilazapril, a new ACE inhibitor, and compared with a group treated by placebo. At the end of treatment, cardiac hypertrophy, coronary vascular reserve, density and cross-sectional surface area of the myocardial capillaries (normalized for the myocardial mass) and wall/lumen ratio of the coronary arterioles were determined. Chronic ACE inhibition with cilazapril reduced cardiac hypertrophy and improved by more than 50% coronary vascular reserve in the left and right ventricles. In the left ventricle, the improvement was more pronounced in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium. Cilazapril increased the density and the cross-sectional surface area of the myocardial capillaries and decreased the wall/lumen ratio of the arterioles of the left ventricle.We conclude that chronic ACE inhibition can improve coronary vascular reserve, increase capillary density and capillary cross-sectional surface area and decrease the thickness of the media of coronary arterioles in SHR even when treatment is started after development of hypertension.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The haemodynamic effects associated with the onset of hypertension induced by infusion of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) were investigated in sheep. Analysis of haemodynamic data collected over 24 h by a computer-based monitoring system revealed that mean arterial pressure (MAP) was significantly increased after 4h. Cardiac output was significantly raised after 1h. The increased cardiac output was initially offset by a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance (CTPR) and MAP did not begin to rise until CTPR had returned to control values. This suggested that the return of CTPR to control values was essential for the development of hypertension. The development of ACTH-induced hypertension was prevented by both nisoldipine, a calcium channel blocker, and minoxidil, a vascular smooth muscle relaxant. Nisoldipine administration was also found to reverse established ACTH hypertension. A greater fall in MAP and CTPR occurred in the onset and established phase of ACTH hypertension sheep compared with normotensive controls. These results indicate that constriction of the peripheral vasculature is essential for the onset and maintenance of ACTH-induced hypertension in the sheep, and that the vasoconstriction does not involve a specific Ca2±-dependent mechanism because minoxidil was as effective as nisoldipine in abolishing the pressor response to ACTH. The onset of ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep is characterized by very rapid haemodynamic changes with an increase in cardiac output and a relative increase in CTPR after an initial peripheral vasodilatation.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in 10 patients with essential hypertension and 10 normotensive controls on the fifth day of a low (50mmol/day), a medium (180mmol/day) and a high (380mmol/day) dietary sodium intake. Plasma ANF and cGMP concentrations were less on the low than on the high sodium intake. Values for ANF on the medium sodium intake were intermediate. In normotensive subjects cGMP concentrations did not differ significantly on the low and the medium sodium intake. As compared with the controls plasma concentrations of cGMP were significantly increased in hypertensive patients on all three levels of sodium intake, while ANF concentrations were identical in the two groups. Since cGMP is a second messenger to ANF the data suggest an increased cellular response to ANF in patients with essential hypertension.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of selective right or left atrial appendectomy on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) release was studied in the rat to compare the relative contribution of each atrium in a situation of increased afterload. Sham-operated or right (RAA) or left (LAA) atrial appendectomized conscious rats were infused (intravenously) for 60min with a pressor dose of angiotensin II (Ang II; 600 ng/kg per min). All groups presented a significant and similar elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). No change in central venous pressure (CVP) was noted in the LAA group, whereas a small, transient rise was observed in the two other groups. The Ang II-induced release of ANF C-terminal was blunted in the RAA group (P < 0.01 versus sham) and more so in the LAA group (P < 0.001 versus sham). Atrial natriuretic factor N-terminal release was blunted only in the LAA group (P < 0.05 versus sham). No correlation was found between CVP and ANF in any group. The relationship between LVEDP and ANF in the sham-operated controls became weaker in the LAA group and was lost in the RAA group. We conclude that both atria play a role in the ANF release induced by a vasoconstrictor agent, but changes in left heart haemodynamics may be the first to be involved in the response to an increased afterload.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To establish the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the management of hypertension in the elderly, 16 patients were treated with captopril in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Clinic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, renal function and mental performance, with emphasis on mood and psychological well-being, were assessed. Twelve patients, aged 73 (± 4.4) years, completed the study. The doses of captopril used were 50 mg (11 patients) and 25 mg (one patient) twice daily for 4 weeks. Mean (± s.e.m.) clinic sitting blood pressure during captopril therapy was significantly lower than during administration of placebo (172 ± 4.5/83 ± 25 versus 188 ± 4.4/89 ± 3.4mmHg;P< 0.001 /P< 0.05). Mean ambulatory blood pressure was also significantly lower on captopril treatment than during administration of placebo (166 ± 5.3/87 ± 1.6 versus 179 ± 5.1/94 ± 2.4mmHg;P< 0.02/P< 0.02) and this effect was sustained over the dosing interval. Renal blood flow and mental performance were unaltered by treatment. Gastrointestinal discomfort occurred in two patients, one of whom was withdrawn and cough developed in one patient.We conclude that captopril is effective as monotherapy in lowering blood pressure in the elderly.

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID