ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Blood pressure was studied at rest, continuously for 24 h and during dynamic and isometric exercise in previously untreated males with documented mild hypertension. The antihypertensive efficacy of atenolol was compared with that of enalapril in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, in order to elucidate whether or not these more comprehensive measurements could better distinguish between the efficacy of the drugs than office recordings made at rest. Atenolol proved more effective than enalapril in reducing diastolic blood pressure at rest (P< 0.05), and systolic blood pressure during dynamic exercise (P< 0.001), but in the 24-h ambulatory study there were no differences in effectiveness between the drugs. Several patients did not attain our pre-set diastolic treatment goal at rest (≤ 90mmHg) on single-drug therapy, thus indicating a need for supplementary treatment. When blood pressure was analysed over 24 h, however, there were few recordings > 90mmHg, and the need for supplementary treatment appeared less obvious. Therefore, more comprehensive blood pressure measurements should be considered in the evaluation of antihypertensive treatment

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A controlled trial was conducted in two Belgian towns to investigate the feasibility and effects of a reduction in salt consumption at the community level. The low-sodium intervention in one town was mainly directed at women and implemented through mass media techniques, while the control town was merely observed. Cross-sectional random sampling at baseline and 5 years later was employed, the participation rate being similar (67%) in the two towns. During the study a total of 2211 subjects were examinedIn adult women (≥20 years) in the intervention town the 24-h urinary excretion of sodium (UVNa) decreased by 25 mmol/24 h (P< 0.001) and this reduction differed (P= 0.01) from the concurrent trend in UVNa in the control town ( +8 mmol/24 h). However, both systolic (SBP, —7.5 versus — 7.9mmHg) and diastolic (DBP, —2.3 versus — 3.0mmHg) pressures declined to a similar extent in the women from the two townsIn adult men in the intervention town, decreases were observed in UVNa ( — 12 mmol/24 h) and in SBP (-5.6mmHg) and DBP (-2.4mmHg), but these trends were not significantly different from the concurrent changes in the control town (—14mmol/24h, —4.9 and + 0.2mmHg, respectively)In addition to being greater in women than in men, the intervention effect on UVNa also tended to increase with age in both: in subjects aged 50 years or more, UVNa decreased in the intervention town by 25 mmol/24 h (P< 0.001) and this reduction differed (P< 0.01) from the concurrent trend in the control town ( +17 mmol/24 h). However, blood pressure changes were similar in the intervention and control towns (SBP, —6.7 versus —8.3mmHg; DBP, —2.4 versus — 2.8mmHg, respectively)In conclusion, a reduction in salt consumption is difficult to achieve with mass media techniques. In women and in subjects aged 50 years or more, the intervention did achieve some success, but blood pressure was not affected

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A method for trypsin-activation of dog plasma inactive renin is described. Liquid phase trypsin (final concentration 6.7 mg/ml) was used and the reaction was stopped after 2 min at 4°C by soybean trypsin inhibitor (13 mg/ml). Renin was measured as angiotensin I (Ang I) generation in trypsin-treated and untreated plasma using the antibody-trapping method, in the presence of excess ox renin substrate. The renin-like activity after trypsin was indeed due to renin, since Ang I generation in dog plasma before and after trypsin treatment was completely inhibited by H-77 at 10-6mol/l, and the two IC50 values were very similar (2.7 ± 0.7 and 2.9 ± 0.7 at 10-8mol/l, respectively). Dog plasma inactive renin was effectively separated from active renin by chromatography on Affigel Blue. Like human prorenin, dog plasma inactive renin rose in response to sodium depletion (furosemide 5mg/kg, i.v.) followed by a low-salt diet (1 mmol Na+/day) for 4 days, (from 29.6 ± 8 to 162 ± 22μU/ml;P< 0.01, n=10). Active renin also increased as expected. Intravenous captopril (6mg/kg per h), for 3h, led to a sharp increase in dog plasma active renin (from 53 ± 8 to 360 ± 60μU/ml;P< 0.01, n=6), whereas inactive renin remained unchanged. A trypsin-activable form of inactive renin exists in dog plasma which is similar to human prorenin with respect to its ability to bind to Affigel Blue, to be inhibited by specific renin inhibitors and to its behaviour in response to physiological stimuli applied to the whole, conscious animal. Thus, the dog can be considered a suitable animal model for studies of inactive renin

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The prognosis and outcome for mild hypertensives (90mmHg ≤ diastolic pressure ≤ 104 mmHg) and hypertensives (diastolic pressure ≥105mmHg) was prospectively studied in Hisayama, Japan, and compared between 1621 subjects aged 40 years or over, recruited in 1961, and 2053 subjects recruited in 1974. Each cohort was studied in a follow-up which lasted 10 years. The pharmacological treatment of hypertension proved effective among residents recruited in 1974: the survival rate had favorably improved, and the rates of mortality from cerebral stroke and morbidity from intracerebral stroke and morbidity from intracerebral hemorrhage declined significantly in mild hypertensives and hypertensives in the more recently recruited population. The management of mild hypertension was considered more likely to be effective in reducing stroke than in reducing coronary heart disease in the Japanese general population

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A long-term prognosis and outcome study of elderly hypertensives (aged 60 years or over) was made based on the 20-year prospective population survey conducted in a Japanese rural community (Hisayama) and the results were compared with those for younger subjects (aged 40-59 years). The risk of cardiovascular mortality related to blood pressure level increased with the elevation of either systolic or diastolic pressure in both younger and elderly groups. Cardiovascular mortality increased markedly at a systolic pressure of ≥160 mmHg, or a diastolic pressure of ≥100mmHg for those aged 40-59 years. There was no cut-off level for increased risk of cardiovascular mortality for either systolic or diastolic pressures for those aged 60 years or over. Stroke mortality was seven times higher in systolic, and 10 times higher in diastolic hypertensives than in normotensives (P< 0.01) for the group aged 40-59 years. However, deaths due to stroke and heart disease were more frequently associated with borderline (relative risk 2.3 and 2.3, respectively;P< 0.01), systolic (relative risk 3.2 and 3.7, respectively;P< 0.01) and diastolic hypertension (relative risk 2.1 and 4.8, respectively;P< 0.01), compared to normotension for those aged 60 years or over. Intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction occurred more frequently in diastolic hypertensives for both young (relative risk 9.8 and 4.8, respectively;P< 0.01) and elderly subjects (relative risk 3.4 and 1.5, respectively;P< 0.01) than in normotensives. Systolic hypertension was strongly related to cerebral infarction in the aged (relative risk 3.7;P< 0.01), and to myocardial infarction in both young (relative risk 4.4;P< 0.01) and elderly subjects (relative risk 6.7;P< 0.01), compared to normotension

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to assess the participation and interaction of the renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin in the early stages of the development of saltinduced hypertension. Subtotally nephrectomized rats, fed 1% saline, were treated over a 10-day period with either an antivasopressor V1antagonist (by osmotic minipump) or an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (either captopril or ramipril, given daily by oral gavage), or a combination of the two modes of treatment.Surprisingly, only ramipril (either alone or in combination with the V1antagonist) could prevent the development of hypertension in these animals. Our data would not permit conclusion as to whether the different capacity of these agents to prevent salt-induced hypertension was due to a different degree of penetration into the central nervous system, or to some other property

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hemodynamic effects of acute hypercalcemia induced by calcium infusion, 7.5mg/kg per h for 1 h, were investigated in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, aged 43-83 years, in the absence and presence of the calcium antagonist verapamil. Calcium infusion raised blood pressure from 125 ± 14/62 ± 6 to 143 ± 13/69 ±7 mmHg (mean ±s.d.) and from 173 ± 15/81 ± 6 to 202 ± 23/92 ± 9 mmHg with an increase in concentration of serum calcium from 2.2 ±0.1 to 3.2 ± 0.2mmol/l and from 2.2 ±0.1 to 3.2 ±0.1 mmol/l in normotensives (n = 20) and hypertensives (n = 12), respectively. In hemodynamic studies, the calcium infusion significantly raised blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance and decreased heart rate with no change of cardiac output, in normotensives (n = 8) and hypertensives (n = 8). The absolute increases in both blood pressure and vascular resistance were significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives, but the per cent increases were not significantly different in both groups. The per cent increases in blood pressure and vascular resistance were negatively correlated with increasing age. The infusion of verapamil at the rate of 0.15mg/kg per h inhibited the increases in both blood pressure and vascular resistance during the calcium infusion in normotensives (n = 6) and hypertensives (n = 6). In conclusion, the calcium infusion raised blood pressure because of elevated vascular resistance, and the effects of calcium on blood pressure were inhibited by the calcium antagonist. These results suggest that the effects of calcium on vascular smooth muscle may play a primary role in hypercalcemic hypertension

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes was induced in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Body weight, blood pressure, renal function, glycaemic control and proteinuria were assessed monthly for 32 weeks. At 32 weeks, the animals were killed and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness and fractional mesangial volume were measuredThere was no significant difference in renal function between diabetic SHR and diabetic WKY. Diabetic SHR showed an earlier and larger rise in total proteinuria and urinary albumin excretion than diabetic WKY. Urinary albumin excretion was increased more than tenfold in diabetic SHR compared to diabetic WKY after 32 weeks of diabetes. GBM thickness was significantly increased in diabetic SHR compared with diabetic WKY. Both diabetic WKY and diabetic SHR showed mesangial expansion when compared to their nondiabetic counterparts. On the other hand, both hypertensive models showed increased glomerular volume, which was not influenced by the presence of diabetesThe diabetic SHR model has features of accelerated nephropathy, as evidenced by increased albuminuria and GBM thickness. This suggests that pre-existing hypertension may play an important role in the progression of diabetic renal disease

ISSN:0263-6352    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID