ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16723

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16725

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16726

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

This Resource Letter provides a guide to literature on the history of modern elementary‐particle physics. Histories that treat developments from the 1930s through the 1980s are focused on and a sampling is included of the historiography covering the period c. 1890–1930, the prehistory of elementary‐particle physics as a discipline. Also included are collections of scientific papers, which might be especially valuable to individuals who wish to undertake historical research on particular scientists or subfields of elementary‐particle physics. The introduction presents some statistical data and associated references for elementary‐particle physics and surveys historiographical approaches and issues that are represented in historical accounts in the bibliography. All references are assigned a rating of E (Elementary), I (Intermediate), or A (Advanced) based on their technical or conceptual difficulty or their appropriateness for a person attempting a graduated study of the history of modern particle physics. That is, items labeled E are suitable for the layman or would be fundamental to a beginning exploration of the history of particle physics, whereas items labeled A are technically demanding (mathematically, historiographically, or philosophically) or would be most appropriate for specialized or advanced examinations of various topics.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16727

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A simple experimental setup can be used to demonstrate the storage of macroscopic dust particles in a ‘‘Paul trap.’’ The trap is operated at atmospheric pressure, which results in an efficient ‘‘cooling’’ of the stored particles. Under these conditions, a single anthracene dust particle has been confined for over 2 months. The device is well suited to show the formation of ordered structures when a number of ‘‘cooled’’ species are trapped. Due to its overall simplicity, the setup can be used in lectures, student laboratories, etc.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16830

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A solution is presented to the following problem: Describe the motion of a tank car initially at rest once an off‐center drain opens. The tank car rolls without friction on a horizontal surface, and the water flows out of the drain vertically in the rest frame of the car.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16728

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

With the help of a hand‐held jigsaw and a tin of syrup, the little known dynamically stabilized inverted liquid experiment can be demonstrated to large classes. Lengthy effective potential arguments are short‐circuited by a simple inverted U‐tube theory accessible to most. The role of viscosity and wall effects is discussed. The first dynamic stabilization experiment with water is reported.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16839

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A conical pendulum has slightly different frequencies of vibration when it rotates clockwise or anticlockwise in a laboratory on a rotating Earth. This splitting of the frequency is due to the presence of the Lorentzlike Coriolis force which presses either radially inward or outward on the pendulum bob depending on the sense with which it traverses its circular orbit. The precession of the plane of a Foucault pendulum may be viewed as a beat phenomenon in the planar superposition of the clockwise and anticlockwise circular motions of the conical pendulum.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16729

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Mathematicsphenomenaanddiscoversthesecretanalogieswhichunitethem.JosephFourier. Where there is physical significance, there is pattern and mathematical regularity. The aim of this article is to expose a hitherto unsuspected grouplike structure underlying the set of all relativistically admissible velocities, which shares remarkable analogies with the ordinary group structure. The physical phenomenon that stores the mathematical regularity in the set of all relativistically admissible three‐velocities turns out to be the Thomas precession of special relativity theory. The set of all three‐velocities forms a group under velocity addition. In contrast, the set of all relativistically admissible three‐velocities does not form a group under relativistic velocity addition. Since groups measure symmetry and exhibit mathematical regularity it seems that the progress from velocities to relativistically admissible ones involves a loss of symmetry and mathematical regularity. This article reveals that the lost symmetry and mathematical regularity is concealed in the Thomas precession. Following a presentation of the group axioms, analogous axioms underlying the grouplike structure of velocities in the relativistic regime are presented. These turn out to include the usual group axioms in which the associative–commutative laws are relaxed by means of the Thomas precession. In order to expose the physics student to the power and elegance of abstract mathematics, our results are placed in the context of an abstract real inner product space. However, not much is lost if the student always assumes that the abstract real inner product space is the familiar Euclidean three‐space.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16730

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

States of the radiation field can be defined without reference to a given basis of normal modes. In this way optical systems for which there is no natural set of orthogonal modes can be handled quantum mechanically in a more rigorous manner. In particular, coherent states and associated phase‐space methods can easily be generalized to this basis‐independent representation.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.16731

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1991

数据来源: AIP