摘要:

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one Letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022.Notation: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level; the letter I indicates intermediate level; and the letter A indicates advanced material. An asterisk (*) indicates those references we feel to be especially helpful.Reprints: When ordering, request Resource Letter SEG‐1. Enclose 75 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self‐addressed envelope and send to Melba Phillips, Acting Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10228

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Section 8 of Einstein’s relativity paper of 1905, ’’On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,’’ is analyzed in its historical context. The relationship of this section to the rest of the relativity paper, to the genesis of relativity theory, and to contemporaneous work on radiation theory—in particular, to that of Max Abraham—is discussed.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10229

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Everyone knows how to do it, but not everyone knows how it works. In this analysis of the motion of a playground swing, it is shown that, under conditions of constant pumping, the stored energy increases approximately exponentially with time. A comparison is made between this system and other parameteric amplifiers in various fields of physics, and the problem of starting a swing from rest is discussed.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10230

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

As an extension of 360° transmission holography, two methods of making 360° reflection holograms are presented. Image reconstruction of the holograms for the two methods is described.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10557

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

It is found that, when a zone plate is examined in practice, foci exist where there should be none. An approach is developed which reveals that the zone plate is a circular diffraction grating, which in turn explains how a hologram works in a very direct manner.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10558

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A method for determining the exposure correction factors in close‐up photography and macrophotography is proposed. It eliminates all the calculations during picture‐taking sessions, and it allows one to use the light meter calculator in the usual manner to obtain the properf‐stop–exposure time combinations appropriate to the level of object illumination. The method was tested up to 6.5× magnification and found to give perfectly exposed negatives and slides.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10559

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A 2‐semester‐hour experimental course utilizing the SUNY Oneonta 0.5‐MeV Van de Graaff accelerator has been offered for three consecutive years. The most important course requirement is completion of six or seven laboratory projects including complete written reports. Theory is emphasized only to the extent that it is needed to complete and understand the projects. Student responses on course evaluation forms together with the instructor’s evaluation of the course indicate that it has been useful and valuable for nearly all students who have completed it.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10235

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An elementary method is described for deriving the Boltzmann, Fermi–Dirac, and Bose–Einstein distributions that neither uses Lagrange undetermined multipliers nor requires a knowledge of Stirling’s approximation for ln(n!). Apart from giving a more direct account of the optimal properties of these distributions, which may be useful when first introducing statistical thermodynamics, the method also shows clearly how the validity of the distributions depends upon the size of the system. Extensions of the method demonstrate the statistical origin of temperature and the dominance of the most probable macrostate.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10236

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The equations of celestial mechanics that govern the time rates of change of the orbital elements are completely derived using elementary dynamics, starting from only Newton’s equation and its solution. Two orbital equations and the four most meaningful orbital elements—semimajor axisa, eccentricitye, inclinationi, and longitude of pericenter Ω—are written in terms of the orbital energyEand angular momentum H per unit mass. The six resulting equations are differentiated with respect to time to see the effect on the orbital elements of small changes inEand H. The usual perturbation equations in terms of disturbing force components are then derived by computing the manner in which perturbing forces changeEand H. The results are applied in a qualitative discussion of the orbital evolution of particles in nonspherical gravitational fields, through atmospheres, and under the action of tides.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10237

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The energy saved in turning the thermostat down overnight is examined. The model for the house is a 1500‐ml water‐filled beaker. The beaker is in an ice–water bath. The energy required to maintain the beaker atTH(20 °C),TL(15 °C), and to raise the temperature fromTLtoTHis determined. Times to cool and heat are noted. The data are extrapolated to fit typical house situations, and resultant energy savings are shown.

ISSN:0002-9505    

DOI:10.1119/1.10238

出版商:American Association of Physics Teachers    

年代:1976

数据来源: AIP