摘要:

The purpose of this study was to describe the dietary habits of infants and toddlers livingin Sweden with special reference to caries prevalence at 2 and 3 years of age and to immigrant status. The study was designed as a prospective, longitudinal study starting with 671 children aged 1 year. At 3 years, all children were invited to a further examination. A total of 298 individuals, randomly selected from the original group, were also examined at 2 years. The accompanying parent was interviewed about the child's dietary habits. Children with caries at 2 and 3 years of age and immigrant children had, when they were 1 year old, consumed caries-risk products and been given nocturnal meals and sweetened liquid in a feeding bottle more often than caries-free 2- and 3-year-olds and non-immigrant children. Although a great variation in dietary habits was found in infants and toddlers, the use of sugar-containing products is widespread in Sweden even in early childhood.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509005998

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although patients with chronic orofacial pain are frequently disabled, the disability is not necessarily due to the orofacial pain: various other factors may contribute. This retrospective study investigated the possible relationship between reports of pain, fatigue, disease conviction (DC), and denial of psychologic factors as explanation of the suffering (P-S) and limitations in occupational, domestic, physical, social, and sexual activities. The subjects comprised 30 patients referred to the Facial Pain Diagnostic Group at the Karolinska Institute, School of Dentistry, Huddinge, Sweden. None of the disability measures were significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with the facial pain reports. Fatigue was not correlated with degree of reported pain. DC was significantly (p≤0.01) correlated only with the minimum pain intensity. P-S was negatively correlated (p≤0.01) with maximum pain intensity and pain distribution (number of zones) outside the face. In 50% of the patients chronic orofacial pain was the formal reason for their occupational disability. However, such disability was related only to pain distribution (number of zones) outside the face. Social activity was negatively correlated (p≤0.01) with fatigue and positively correlated (p≤0.01) with P-S. It is suggested that the findings could be satisfactorily explained by a symptom perception hypothesis.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509005999

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The dental care utilization rate in an urban Swedish population over an 11 -year period was studied, starting at the time of the introduction of a national dental health insurance. The systematically selected samples comprised, for each calendar year of the period, approximately 11,000 inhabitants more than 20 years of age in the city of Göteborg. In 1976 and 1984 information on utilization was coupled to information about various demographic, socioeconomic, and disablement factors. In addition, a longitudinal study was performed of 8012 people who resided in Göteborg in 1976 and 1984, correlating dental attendance rates with the same factors. The results showed that dental care utilization increased among both men and women, mostly in age groups more than 65 years of age. Utilization rate in 1976 and in 1984 was independently associated with age, sex, income, marital status, disablement, and regions of the city, and it is concluded that the goal of the dental insurance act, which was, among other things, to contribute to a more equitable distribution of dental care, in many respects has not been achieved. Early identification of people with low utilization may provide a means to obtain the most pronounced improvement in dental health.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006000

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The acquired enamel pellicle is thought to be the result of a selective adsorption of salivary proteins and to be involved in the protection of the enamel surfaces. The chemical composition of the 2-h acquired enamel pellicle is fairly well established. However, the rate of formation and the amino acid composition of the initially formed enamel pellicle have been little investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the rate of pellicle formation and the amino acid composition of the initially formed enamel pellicle. Samples of human enamel surfaces were carried in the mouth for various periods of time (2.5 min to 10 h). Rate of pellicle formation was indicated as a function of oral exposure time and the time necessary to remove the proteinaceous film from the surfaces by argon ion sputtering. The chemical composition of the initially acquired pellicle was examined by amino acid analyses of pellicle material collected in vivo from enamel surfaces 15 min and 1 h after pumicing, respectively. The pellicle reached an initial thickness in about 2–3 min, at which level it stayed for about 30 min. The thickness of the acquired pellicle then increased to about three times the initial thickness and stayed at that level for the rest of the experimental period (10 h). Amino acid analyses of pellicle material collected after 15 min and after 1 h were different in that the amino acid profiles of the 15-min pellicle only contained traces of proline and arginine. It may be argued that the pellicle formation proceeds in two stages owing to the adsorption of protein aggregates and that the chemical compositions of the pellicles of the two stages differ.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006001

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In Romania an increasing level of dental caries in children has been observed. The present study was undertaken to describe the oral health behavior of schoolchildren in the first grade, to assess the level of oral health knowledge and attitudes among the mothers, and to describe oral knowledge and attitudes to prevention among the schoolteachers. A total of 322 mothers of grade-1 children (response, 89%) and 97 schoolteachers (response, 86%) participated in the study. Data on mothers and children were collected through personal interviews, whereas the teachers responded to self-administered questionnaires. A significant proportion of the mothers knew about the causal factors in dental caries; however, relatively few were aware of the harmful effect of hidden sugar. Most of the mothers were aware of the importance of toothbrushing, but 33% also recommended the use of salt for prevention of periodontal disease. Of the children, 37% brushed their teeth at least twice a day; 26% had their teeth cleaned by their mothers every day. Sugar was mostly consumed in terms of milk with sugar, sugary breakfast cereals, biscuits, and sweets. The schoolteachers knew about the poor dental conditions in children and wanted to become involved in oral health education. Training of teachers should aim at improving their level of knowledge on oral health. The establishment of school-based oral health promotion programs in Romania is urgently needed.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006002

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Systemic retinoids are known to cause dryness of the mouth and changes in oral and lip mucosa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in salivary variables during treatment with oral isotretinoin in patients receiving the drug for 3 months for cutaneous acne. Patients were examined 1 month after initiation of medication and approximately 3.7 months after its discontinuation. Salivary flow and pH could be measured in 8 and the relative amount of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of stimulated saliva in 17 patients. The mean flow rate of stimulated saliva was lower during medication than at control examination (P= 0.0277), but no change in the mean pH value was observed during medication. The mean activity of MMP-9 during medication was higher than at control examination (P= 0.0442). The enzyme activity increased in 13 of 17 and decreased in 4 of 17 cases.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006003

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of electropalatography (EPG) as a method for diagnostic analysis of the [s] sound and also to make a multiple analysis of the production of the normal Swedish [s]sound in various contexts. Eleven dental students participated. EPG registration, optoelectronic recording of jaw movements, and acoustic registration of a test phrase were made simultaneously. A speech perceptual test was also made. There were four separate recording sessions. Except for at session I, subjects wore an EPG palate. At Session II they were not adapted to it, in contrast to the later occasions. The EPG appeared to be a valid method for investigating the [s] sound. In general, EPG and mandibular movement patterns were similar between sessions, and the sound quality normal throughout. At session II, however, the tongue groove was wider, the mandibular movements smaller, and the [s]quality somewhat deteriorated, [s] in various contexts had different tongue groove widths but similar high average mandibular position. To prevent speech and especially [s]sound problems when constructing prosthetic devices, it is important to advance our knowledge of [s] sound production.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006004

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aim of the study was to analyze five patients with Alzheimer's disease in whom the degree of dementia assessed by cognitive and functional tests was at variance with the behavior in the dental setting and to relate these factors to the outcome of the graphic test. Possible reasons for the differences were discussed. The subjects were diagnosed as having Alzheimer's dementia on the basis of the DSM-III-R. Their cognitive and functional impairments were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination test and Katz's index of activities of daily living. Behavior in the dental office was registered in a structured form. The graphic function was assessed as Human Figure Drawing. Besides the stage of dementia, the patient's personality, social and medical background, and memories of previous dental care influence the demented patient's behavior in the dental office. To provide secure conditions for treating demented patients, the dentist must be able to interpret the patient's unique personality in the context of the dental situation.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006005

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study to set base-line data for future interventions to develop young children's oral health care was carried out in November 1993 in Kuwait. The study population comprised a random sample of 450 3- to 7-year-old children drawn from the students in Kindergarten and Primary Departments of Kuwait English School in the Salwa District of Kuwait. The mean dmft and mean d values were highest at the age of 6 (4.1, SD = 3.6, and 2.1, SD = 2.4, respectively) and lowest at the age of 4 (1.4, SD = 2.5, and 1.0, SD = 2.0, respectively). The proportion of caries-free children (dmft = 0) was 39%. Molars and maxillary incisors were most prevalently affected by caries. There seems to be a distinct need for both organized dental health care and preventive programs for the very young children in Kuwait.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006006

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin test specimens that had been reinforced in various ways was compared in this study. Ten rectangular test specimens were fabricated for each test group. The strengtheners included 1.0-mm-diameter steel wire and continuous E-glass fibers. Both notched and unnotched test specimens were tested in a Charpy-type impact test. In a further analysis the concentration of glass fibers in the test specimens was determined and plotted against the impact strength of the test specimens. The results showed that, compared with the unreinforced specimens, both types of reinforcement increased the impact strength of the test specimens considerably (p<0.001). There was no clear difference between the mean impact strength value of the test specimens reinforced with metal wire and that of the specimens reinforced with glass fiber. The correlation coefficient between the fiber concentration of the test specimens and their impact strength was 0.818 (p<0.005). Specimens with fiber concentrations greater than 25 wt% yielded to the higher impact strength more readily than those with metal wire reinforcement did.

ISSN:0001-6357    

DOI:10.3109/00016359509006007

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor