摘要:

Greater commitments of aquatic resources are required as aquaculture activities expand and intensify. At the same time, increasing recreational and residential uses of the coast are placing other demands on many of the same resources. Multiple use disputes are arising and conflicts are intensifying. This paper is a problem analysis based on recent public debates in the state of Washington which surrounded the mechanical harvest of clams, raft culture of mussels, and pen rearing of salmon. Subjects of potential conflict are shown in the questions of continuing the subtidal harvest of geoducks, raft culturing of marine algae for food and chemical extracts, and continuing the use of public nearshore aquatic areas for private oyster farming. This report also suggests that better coastal management techniques need to be developed which address: (1) how environmental impacts and risks are determined; (2) how claims for esthetic quality can be evaluated and measured; and (3) which methods can be used to plan for the aquatic areas which recognize the special features of the aquatic areas.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758009361877

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A discussion of wetlands terminology demonstrates the unique and almost undefinable nature of these ecosystems. An expansive review of the popular, popular scientific, and scientific (i.e., biological, geological) literature reveals that the terminology for describing lands that are periodically inundated by fresh and/or salt water is ambiguous and indistinct. Changing public perceptions and attitudes toward these wet environments, however, have led to the use of certain key words in different time periods. The historic use of wetlands terms is presented up to the use of “wetlands”; as an all‐inclusive term.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758009361878

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The central purpose of policy‐relevant evaluation is to provide information that is directly relevant to decisions about the development, alteration, or termination of coastal zone management programs. Because of the number of potential clients for such information and the variety of decisions that have to be made, no single evaluative approach is likely to be appropriate for all situations. Five general approaches are outlined: program logic, compliance, process, goal achievement, and impact assessment. The choice of a particular approach depends primarily on the issues faced by policy‐makers. The design and conduct of evaluative studies of coastal zone managements pose special problems. These problems require special attention, but they are not insurmountable.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758009361879

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It was pointed out in a recent article on shorelines management in France that no overall coastal management legislation in that country exists.1Nevertheless, certain existing legislation has been adapted to take account of the peculiarities of the shoreline and coastal zone, and new institutions such as the “Shorelines Trust”; have been created.2As is the case with most countries in the Western world, the processes of urbanization, industrialization, and recreational development place tremendous pressure on shoreline use. Resulting conflicts are sometimes difficult to solve unless adequate institutional frameworks exist. Some form of institutional change is thus inevitable.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758009361880

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758099361876

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor