摘要:

The management and conservation of the marine environment and its natural resources are increasingly understood to be issues of public policy with consequences for society at large. On a variety of dramatic occasions over the last decades, the federal judiciary has departed from its traditionally passive role in the shaping of social policy. This paper examines a critical marine controversy, the Boldt Decision(U.S. v. Washington1974), to illustrate and evaluate nontraditional judicial behavior. The first two sections introduce Indian‐United States treaties concerning Pacific Northwest salmon resources, and the unfolding of the Boldt Decision. A third section argues that a “public law”; model of litigation fits the legal events of the Boldt Decision. A fourth section addresses the competence of the Boldt court as it is manifest in judicial organization, analysis, and implementation. A final section comments on the potential for public law litigation elsewhere in the governing of marine affairs.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758609361978

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Natural coastal accretion in the United States occurs at river mouths, spits across embayments, inlets, capes and cuspate forelands, and pocket beaches. Human‐induced accretion occurs updrift of groins and jetties, landward of breakwaters, and in locations which are artificially nourished. Coastal accretion is usually temporary (years to tens of years). Erosion may occur due to deflection of streams and tidal current channels or to changes in sea level, weather patterns, or sediment budgets. A focus on ownership disputes or use of accreted land draws attention away from the long‐term problem of the development of land which may be subject to future erosion. Control mechanisms should be in place to direct development on accreting shorelines to make more effective use of the resource.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758609361979

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An increase in nontraditional uses of the waterfront in port cities has led to increased competition and conflict over the use of waterfront land. A multiobjective programming approach is developed for modeling land use decision‐making along the waterfront. The model is applied to the case of Charleston, South Carolina. Several waterfront regions where significant competition and conflict are likely to emerge among different user groups are identified by the analysis. Ways of using the model to facilitate conflict management among different user groups are discussed.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758609361980

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In August 1979, tar balls and oil slicks from the world's largest oil spill (Ixtoc I) washed ashore on the lower Texas coast. Data on public visitation to three beach parks (Padre Island National Seashore, Padre Balli County Park, and Port Aransas County Park) from 1977 to 1982 were examined using time series intervention analysis. For each of the three sites, three events (gas price, gas availability, and the Ixtoc I oil spill) were modeled, entered into the time series analysis, and tested for their effect. When the oil spill model was tested with the visitation data, no significant decrease in visitation was demonstrated at any of the three sites. No long‐term (nine months) impact on visitation was evident either. Reduced gas availability was associated with a significant decrease in visitation at Padre Island and Padre Balli parks.

ISSN:0090-8339    

DOI:10.1080/08920758609361981

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor