ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206978

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206979

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Structural studies of monoclonal immunoglobulins demonstrated that immunoglobulin chains are organized in the antigen-binding variable (V) part and the constant (C) part. The variability pattern indicated the separate genetic control of V and C parts. The decisive steps in B cell differentiation are gene translocation and fusion events which assemble V and C genes to the actual one active H chain gene and the one active L chain gene in a B cell or plasma cell. Further gene translocations, now solely on the H chain C genes, effect the H chain class switch. By DNA structure analysis of immunoglobulin genes from stem cells and plasma cells, the details of the internal organization of the genes and of the gene translocations were recognized. RNA processing of H chain precursor mRNA decides whether the immunoglobulin molecule is produced as an antigen receptor or an antibody molecule. It also enables the simultaneous expression of antigen receptors as IgM and IgD molecules on the B cell membrane.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206980

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two populations of IgG molecules, designated F-IgG3(χ) and S-IgG3(χ), were isolated from a patient with multiple myeloma. The constant regions of the two molecules appear to be identical, since the heavy chains of both belong to the γ3 subclass and both molecules are positive for G3m(5), G3m(10), and G3m(ll) but negative for G3m(21), Km(l) and Km(2) allotypes. In contrast, the two molecules have different variable regions, since (a) they do not share idiotypic determinant(s); (b) their light chains have different NH2 terminal amino acid sequences, and (c) both their heavy and light chains have different peptide maps and amino acid compositions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the F-IgG3(χ) molecules have two kinds of light chains. One, designated χn, has a normal molecular weight (approximately 23,000); the other, designated χh, has a molecular weight of approximately 2

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206981

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The rapid progress in the elucidation of antibody structure and function had a major impact on our understanding of monoclonal immunoglobulins. It appears that monoclonicity is a basic immunologic phenomenon, closely related to specificity. The amplification of this phenomenon, observed in pathological conditions such as the various plasma cell dyscrasias, has not been fully understood due to the lack of identifiable antigens capable of triggering this response. The functional and structural data accumulated from animal experiments and the clinical investigation of anti-dextran, anti-phosphorylcholine, anti-thioflavine and homogeneous anti-arsonate antibodies as well as of cold agglutinins., point to the presence of a common structure/function relationship in these molecules. Structural and serologic data, obtained from homogeneous antibodies isolated by us from the serum of patients with cancer of the colon and of the urinary bladder, revealed significant structural similarities expressed by HVR homology and cross-idiotypic specificity.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206982

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Serological and biochemical studies were performed on M components isolated from 3 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC). All were IgG1(K) proteins. 2 of the 3 belonged to the VKI subgroup, and these 2 also possessed cross-reactive idiotypic determinants. These findings are consistent with the ideas that M components in patients with a given kind of cancer may have restricted heterogeneity, and that the synthesis of an M component and the manifestation of a solid tumor may be related events in some patients who exhibit both abnormalities.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206983

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We performed the first successful syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BM Txp) in a patient with multiple myeloma. The patient and his normal identical twin are 50-year-old physicians. Prior to BM Txp, a partial remission was achieved with 1 year of continuous low dosage melphalan and prednisone therapy. Immediately before BM Txp, high dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation were administered in an attempt to eradicate the residual tumor. For 17 months after BM Txp, the patient was asymptomatic and hematologically normal although a low concentration of serum monoclonal IgGκ persisted. In the 18th month, recurrence of bone pain and increase in the monoclonal IgG signalled exacerbation of the disease. Chemotherapy was resumed and again produced objective and subjective evidence of response. This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential usefulness of syngeneic BM Txp in myeloma

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206984

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Tumour cell mass (TCM) in patients with multiple myeloma has been measured by synthetic rate studies of bone-marrow tumor cells in culture. From the measurements of Salmon and co-workers, a simple clinical staging system in which TCM is calculated by a programmable pocket calculator has been developed. We have compared the measurement and calculation of TCM in patients with IgG and IgA multiple myeloma by these methods in our own laboratory. There was correlation between synthetic rate and serum IgG paraprotein concentration but not the serum IgA paraprotein concentration. In patients with IgG myeloma there was correlation between measured and calculated TCM as well as measured TCM and serum IgG paraprotein concentration, urine Bence-Jones protein excretion, and serum albumin concentration. Measured TCM also inversely correlated with haemoglobin concentration. In patients with IgA myeloma, however, there was no correlation between measured TCM and calculated TCM or any other individual clinical laboratory parameter. A number of problems have contributed to the overall failure of this method to measure and calculate TCM including methodological differences, definition of myeloma cells, proteolysis of newly synthesized paraprotein in culture, changes in synthetic rates with time and assessment of the degree of bone lesions by skeletal roentgenograms. We cannot recommend these methods as they stand to measure and calculate TCM in patients with multiple myeloma.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206985

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The kinetics of myeloma cells at diagnosis and during complete remission were compared on 4 IgG K patients. We were able to study experimentally the kinetics of the minimal tumor mass because we prepared anti-idiotypic sera specifically directed against the hypervariable region of the M protein. We have shown that the residual myeloma cell labelling index during remission is usually lower than that observable on diagnosis. This finding conflicts with the current opinion on minimal tumor mass kinetics. Therefore, it is suggested that a new therapeutic strategy should be adopted in the complete remission phase.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206986

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mitochondrial abnormalities in the myeloma cells of 52 patients are described. They included increased number, bizarre shape, alterations in their internal ultrastructure and vacuolization. There was no correlation between the type of myeloma or the severity of the disease and the observed abnormality of the mitochondria. The possible connection between the damaged mitochondria and the function of the tumor cells is discussed.

ISSN:0001-5792    

DOI:10.1159/000206987

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger