ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080204

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Severe, acute disorders of the central nervous system account for a large proportion of patients seen in neurointensive care units (NICUs). In such cases of actual or threatened brain damage, it is necessary, for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic purposes, to be able to ascertain and to monitor underlying cerebral function. An increasingly sophisticated battery of tests is available to help establish a correct diagnosis in the critically ill patient, including neuroradiologic techniques such as CT and MRI imaging and neurophysiologic studies such as EEG and evoked potentials (EPs). Research tools, such as magnetoencephalography and PET scanning may come into more widespread clinical use in the future. In addition to their usefulness in evaluation of anatomic and physiologic function at a particular moment, some of these techniques may prove adaptable to providing continuous monitoring of cerebral metabolic activity. At the present time, however, the single best monitoring tool is the serial examination at the patient's bedside, and this remains the mainstay of neurointensive care medicine. In certain situations, such as profound coma or therapeutic barbiturate anesthesia, the exam provides less helpful information. Circumstances also arise in which changes in the neurologic examination occur late in the course of serious deterioration. Therefore, for a number of reasons, there exists a need to find ways to monitor brain function that will yield consistent data having premonitory power. Neurophysiology has much to offer to the NICU in meeting these needs for diagnostic assistance, trend monitoring and prognostication. The use of standard and computer assisted EEC has been recently reviewed (Hack 1985, Hansen et al. 1986, Prior 1985) and this paper will briefly discuss the use of EPs in the NICU setting.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080205

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Since their introduction more than ten years ago, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) have become an increasingly valuable tool in neonatal assessment. A wide variety of clinical pictures warrant the use of the BAEP. In general, these will fall into one or both of the following overlapping groups; audiological and neurological.This paper will review the literature and focus on various pediatric diseases that influence the BAEP and translate into either a peripheral or central hearing loss and/or brainstem neurologic dysfunction.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080206

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Modern noninvasive imaging techniques and especially the CAT scan enable us to demonstrate and localize with high accuracy intracranial morphological changes. Ultrasonic investigations (Doppler sonography) permit the assessment of the function of extracranial and even intracranial portions of the major arteries of the brain. The regional cerebral blood flow can be measured with noninvasive methods (Xenon clearance).With this information at hand, we have also achieved a better understanding of the EEG and its contribution to the evaluation of patients with cerebrovascular disorders.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080207

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Lithium is a unique mood stabilizing agent with antimanic, antidepressant, and prophylactic properties for the management of recurrent affective illnesses. Lithium produces diffuse EEG slowing and paroxysmal activity which is more pronounced during chronic treatment than after a single acute dose and still more prominent during intoxication. EEG effects of lithium have been studied in patients with affective disorders and in normals as well as in adults and children with mainly consistent findings. The EEG is a more reliable indicator of neurotoxicity with lithium than are measures of plasma levels. Nevertheless there can be difficulty in discriminating between EEG alterations associated with therapeutic levels as opposed to toxicity. Quantitative methods of EEG analysis may offer more sensitive means of discrimination. There is an increased risk of lithium intoxication in patients with certain psychiatric diagnoses as well as in the elderly and in patients with underlying medical disorders. Toxicity is more likely when lithium is combined with other drugs, particularly neuroleptics. In these cases the EEG may disciminate between a neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome associated with high potency neuroleptics and lithium intoxication in combination with phenothiazines. Lithium has inconsistent effects in patients with epilepsy and may either enhance EEG abnormalities and aggravate seizures or conversely, stabilize epileptiform activity and reduce seizure incidence. However lithium is contraindicated in combination with electroconvulsive treatment. EEG studies are recommended in patients treated with lithium whenever there is a question of intoxication, as well as when clinical response is unsatisfactory or the patient's mental condition deteriorates. In these situations it may be necessary to obtain EEGs both on and off lithium to separate the relative importance of its therapeutic and toxic effects.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080208

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080209

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080210

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1986.11080211

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor