ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080436

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080437

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Properly classifying epileptic seizures and epileptic syndromes is important for developing treatment strategies and determining prognoses for individual patients. Among the many factors important in such classification are the electrographic features of paroxysmal discharges. While many forms of paroxysmal discharges are described in the clinical and EEG literature, current understanding of the basic neurobiological events behind these discharges is limited to a few of them. In the review given below, three“prototypical”epileptiform events–interictal events, tonic-clonic electrographic seizures, and spike-wave seizures–are identified and the basic mechanisms by which they arise are discussed. The information provided considers functional anatomy in terms of major networks within the brain, a“fundamental local circuit”consisting of an excitatory neuron and the inhibitory neuron it is coupled to in a feedback circuit, and cellular processes of inhibition and excitation. The ways in which amino acid neurotransmitters exert excitatory synaptic events, via glutamate receptors, and inhibitory synaptic events, via gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are presented. In addition, key types of membrane potential-regulated ion channels in neurons are introduced. Details are then given as to how these basic neurobiological processes interact to produce the prototypical paroxysmal discharges. A distinct set of mechanisms is responsible for each of the discharges. Depending on the type of discharge, certain mechanisms are shared between types of discharges while others are not. With the information covered, one can gain an understanding of how common and important EEG paroxysms originate at the cellular and synaptic level.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080438

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The recording of bioelectric activity associated with physiological events is fundamental to electrophysiology. Clinical use of electroneurodignostics requires that electrodes be applied to the skin to view underlying neuronal events. Much emphasis has been placed on understanding the polygraphs, EEG instruments, and evoked potential equipment that make the measurements. The events that occur between the electrode and the neuronal events are also part of the recording. The millivolt electrical events in the cerebral cortex become microvolt signals on the EEG. EEG signals often contain interference or artifacts generated by the electrodes. Understanding of the electrodes, the skin surface, and the junction between them is essential to intelligent electrode application and troubleshooting.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080439

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT:EEG recordings may contain a variety of artifacts. Identification and understanding of these artifacts is essential for accurate interpretation of the EEG. Physiologic artifacts that may be seen in EEG include respiration-related artifact. We report the occurrence of a highly unusual respiration-related artifact that consisted of bursts of rhythmic, intermittent, high-amplitude theta activity. Its relationship to the respiration was identified and appropriate intervention (suction of nasal respiratory passage and repositioning of head) led to resolution of the artifact. The artifact was unusual in morphology and unusual in the way in which it was caused by the respiration.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080440

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT:Chloral hydrate is one of the most frequently used sedatives in electroneurodiagnostic laboratories. Frequently, the technologists are responsible for administering it. They must, therefore, be trained to give it safely. This paper explores many of the issues involved in the safe use of chloral hydrate. The sedative dose in pediatrics is 25 mg/kg and no more than 1 gm should be given daily. Children should be monitored carefully while they are sedated and should not leave the hospital or clinic until awake. Parents must be given complete instructions on continued care until the sedation has completely worn off.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080441

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Eye movement artifact can be monitored in many different ways. Placement of eye movement electrodes and montage construction are crucial factors in monitoring eye movements. The electroneurodiagnostic (END) technologist is responsible for verifying and proving without a doubt that a particular electrical activity is eye movement artifact. By knowing the advantages and disadvantages of different eye electrode placements, the END technologist can choose the best monitor placement for each situation.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080442

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080443

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080444

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1993.11080445

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor