ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080225

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.An outline of the problems and clinical features of connective tissue disorders are given, in particular for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the commonest of the group of rarely occurring disorders in which immunological disturbance is the basic defect. SLE, a chronic disorder, occurs mainly in women and often at a young age but in the present series with a wide age range, 18–81,mean 45 years. In the two separate groups of patients studied, disorders of the nervous system occurred in about half. Seizures, vascular episodes, and a variety of psychiatric disorders are a feature, with EEG abnormality in nearly three quarters of these. Diffuse and focal slow activity as well as slowing of the background frequencies is characteristic of the majority. In particular, evidence of focal independent areas of disturbance may be shown. Illustrative case histories are presented to exemplify some of the problems in management, for example differentiation between cerebral SLE and psychosis from steriod administration, still one of the commonest forms of treatment in connective tissue disorders. Evoked response (ER) techniques may assist in indicating the presence of various different disease sites. The EEG appears to be an important investigation in SLE since other laboratory tests are used to confirm the diagnosis of the systemic disorder rather than as evidence of CNS involvement. It is particularly useful in the management of the individual case as therapeutic endeavors are still variable.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080226

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Forty-three cases out of 10,173 consecutive EEG studies in our laboratory were identified with midline spikes (MS). These cases were then compared with 107 additional cases collected from the neurological literature. Multichannel recordings which increase the sampling time over the midline are important in the recognition of MS. Mapping montages, utilizing orthogonal chains of differential derivations, are useful in localizing the epileptiform activity. MS are highly potentially epileptogenic; 93% of our patients and 88% of the reported cases are associated with definite seizure disorders. A multitude of seizure-types are seen including generalized tonic and tonic-clonic, partial motor, complex partial,“atypical absences,”akinetic, and myoclonic. Generalized tonic-clonic is the most common seizure type (42%). It is important that midline epileptiform activity be differentiated from physiologic waveforms of sleep, especially in children. Although MS can be seen at any age from the neonate to the elderly, they are more common in children (approximately 74%). A wide range of etiologies is possible including stroke, tumor, trauma, meningoencephalitis, and congenital abnormalities. Sleep is a potent activator of MS. The neurologic exam and CT scan are abnormal in about 1/3 of patients. The most common spike location along the midline is near the Cz electrode. Additional epileptic foci are often present outside the midline but do not appear to have any significant impact on the clinical picture. An interesting finding is the tendency of partial motor seizures to secondarily generalize while complex partial seizures and other“staring”spells appear less likely to generalize.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080227

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACT.If after running the standard evoked potential (EP) test on a patient, you notice that the waveforms and the latencies do not resemble those of your norms, nor do they fit the expected outcome for a patient with a particular set of clinical problems, then you must question the technical quality of the test. It is the responsibility of the technologist to obtain the most accurate and reproducible results possible and it is to this end that these practical hints have been collected.

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080228

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080229

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080230

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0002-9238    

DOI:10.1080/00029238.1987.11080231

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor